Jagiellonian University, 30-663 Cracow, Poland.
Expert Rev Respir Med. 2010 Oct;4(5):593-604. doi: 10.1586/ers.10.59.
Chronic respiratory diseases are a common complication of preterm birth, particularly among very immature infants or those suffering from bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Major progress in the treatment of preterm newborns has changed the pattern of late respiratory complications. The major respiratory problem in infancy and early childhood is respiratory exacerbations caused by infections (particularly viral ones), which need hospitalization. The symptoms become mild in school-age children; however, a group of children still present with chronic airway obstruction defined by recurrent episodes of wheezing and decreased lung function tests (decreased forced expiratory volume). For some preterm infants, particularly those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, obstructive lung disease persists into adulthood. They are very likely to develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or similar disease later in life. In these patients, a program of lung function monitoring and pulmonary prophylaxis by means of elimination of specific risk factors in adulthood is advisable.
慢性呼吸系统疾病是早产儿的常见并发症，尤其是在非常不成熟的婴儿或患有支气管肺发育不良的婴儿中。早产儿治疗方面的重大进展改变了晚期呼吸并发症的模式。婴儿期和幼儿期的主要呼吸问题是由感染（特别是病毒感染）引起的呼吸恶化，需要住院治疗。在学龄儿童中，症状变得较轻；然而，仍有一群儿童存在慢性气道阻塞，表现为反复喘息和肺功能检查（用力呼气量减少）异常。对于一些早产儿，特别是患有支气管肺发育不良的早产儿，阻塞性肺疾病会持续到成年期。他们很可能在以后的生活中患上慢性阻塞性肺疾病或类似疾病。对于这些患者，建议在成年期通过消除特定的危险因素，进行肺功能监测和肺部预防。
