Resch B, Eber E, Zach M
Klinische Abteilung für Pulmonologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde Graz.
Klin Padiatr. 1998 Sep-Oct;210(5):331-9. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1043898.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that develops in preterm infants treated with oxygen and positive-pressure ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome. Despite the introduction of new treatment modalities (surfactant therapy, high-frequency oscillation) and improvements in the outcome of critically ill preterm infants, BPD has become an extremely important complication of neonatal intensive care and the most common form of chronic lung disease in infants. Specific pathogenesis, treatment modalities, prognosis, and multidisciplinary approaches to the prevention of BPD are described in detail. Extrinsic allergic alveolitis ("hypersensitivity pneumonitis") is a rare pulmonary disease in childhood due to inhaled organic dust, containing fungal antigens, thermophilic actinomycetes, or avian proteins. Diagnosis is often difficult, but it should be considered in every child with persistent and otherwise unexplained respiratory symptoms.
支气管肺发育不良（BPD）是一种慢性肺部疾病，发生于因呼吸窘迫综合征接受氧气和正压通气治疗的早产儿。尽管引入了新的治疗方式（表面活性剂治疗、高频振荡通气），危重症早产儿的预后也有所改善，但BPD已成为新生儿重症监护中极为重要的并发症，也是婴儿慢性肺部疾病最常见的形式。本文详细描述了BPD的具体发病机制、治疗方式、预后以及预防BPD的多学科方法。外源性过敏性肺泡炎（“超敏性肺炎”）是儿童期一种罕见的肺部疾病，由吸入含有真菌抗原、嗜热放线菌或禽类蛋白的有机粉尘引起。诊断往往困难，但对于每一位有持续且无法解释的呼吸道症状的儿童都应考虑该病。
