Division of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Chron Respir Dis. 2010;7(4):259-69. doi: 10.1177/1479972310375454.
The incidence of live preterm birth is increasing and concomitantly the survival of preterm babies has increased over the last 30 years due to advances in neonatal care. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic respiratory disease that develops as a consequence of perinatal and/or neonatal lung injury following preterm birth and the pathology has also changed with changes in neonatal care. There are data suggesting that there is increased respiratory morbidity of ex-preterm subjects in childhood. It is only now that large populations of preterm subjects are reaching adulthood and may be at risk of persistent respiratory morbidity. This review will summarize the current knowledge in adulthood of respiratory sequelae following preterm birth; specifically it will review respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function, exercise capacity and structural lung disease as determined by high resolution computed tomography scans in ex-preterm survivors with and without BPD. Whether prematurity-related lung disease is associated with chronic obstructive airways disease will be discussed.
早产儿的出生率在不断增加，由于新生儿护理技术的进步，早产儿的存活率在过去 30 年中也有所提高。支气管肺发育不良（BPD）是一种慢性呼吸系统疾病，是由于早产时围产期和/或新生儿肺部损伤引起的，随着新生儿护理的变化，其病理学也发生了变化。有数据表明，早产儿在儿童时期的呼吸系统发病率增加。直到现在，大量的早产儿才进入成年期，可能有持续的呼吸系统发病率的风险。这篇综述将总结早产儿出生后成年期呼吸系统后遗症的现有知识；具体来说，它将回顾有和没有 BPD 的早产儿幸存者的呼吸症状、肺功能、运动能力和高分辨率计算机断层扫描确定的结构性肺病。早产儿相关的肺部疾病是否与慢性阻塞性气道疾病有关将进行讨论。
