Department of Nursing Science in the Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Cancer Nurs. 2011 Jan-Feb;34(1):41-8. doi: 10.1097/NCC.0b013e3181ef69c3.
The diagnosis of cancer and subsequent surgery represent a life-threatening and stressful experience with several factors relating to the patient's process of adaptation.
The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine adaptation status and related factors in patients who have been diagnosed with and undergone surgery for gastrointestinal tract cancer.
The survey was administered twice (2 weeks after discharge from the hospital and 6 months after surgery). Twenty-five patients responded to both questionnaires about quality of life (QOL), which was regarded as an index of adaptation status, and illness-related demands, the "why me?" question, sense of coherence (SOC), perceived social support, and disease data.
On the second survey, scores about illness-related demands, the "why me?" question, SOC, and QOL, other than the QOL social relationships domain, improved, but scores about perceived social support decreased. A correlation between the "why me?" question and the SOC and the difference in the overall QOL by cancer site were found only on the second survey. Low demands of illness and high SOC predicted high QOL on both surveys.
Except for social relationships, adaptation status 6 months after surgery improved compared with after discharge. The relationships between some variables took on a significant meaning at 6 months after surgery.
Comparisons between 2 time points suggested that most cancer patients had dispositional resilience. Meanwhile, the findings related to social relationships and the relationships between some variables suggested the necessity for professional interventions targeting these factors.
癌症的诊断和随后的手术代表了一种危及生命和充满压力的经历，其中涉及到许多与患者适应过程相关的因素。
本纵向研究的目的是检查已被诊断为胃肠道癌并接受手术的患者的适应状况和相关因素。
该调查分两次进行（出院后 2 周和手术后 6 个月）。25 名患者对两次关于生活质量（QOL）的问卷做出了回应，QOL 被视为适应状况的指标，以及与疾病相关的需求、“为什么是我？”问题、心理一致感（SOC）、感知社会支持和疾病数据。
在第二次调查中，与疾病相关的需求、“为什么是我？”问题、SOC 和 QOL 的得分除了 QOL 社会关系领域外均有所改善，但感知社会支持的得分下降。仅在第二次调查中发现了“为什么是我？”问题与 SOC 之间以及癌症部位不同的整体 QOL 之间的相关性。低疾病需求和高 SOC 预测了两次调查中的高 QOL。
与出院后相比，手术后 6 个月的适应状况有所改善，除了社会关系。两次调查之间的一些变量之间的关系具有重要意义。
两次时间点的比较表明，大多数癌症患者具有性格韧性。同时，与社会关系和某些变量之间的关系相关的发现表明，针对这些因素进行专业干预的必要性。
