Department of Institutional Analysis and Public Management, Bocconi University, Milan.
Public Adm. 2010;88(3):819-35. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9299.2010.01840.x.
The approval (2003) and enforcement (2005) of a smoking ban in Italy have been viewed by many as an unexpectedly successful example of policy change. The present paper, by applying a processualist approach, concentrates on two policy cycles between 2000 and 2005. These had opposing outcomes: an incomplete decisional stage and an authoritative decision, enforced two years later. Through the analysis of the different phases of agenda setting, alternative specification and decision making, we have compared the quality of participation of policy entrepreneurs in the two cycles, their political strategies and, in these, the relevance of issue image. The case allows us to direct the attention of scholars and practitioners to an early phase of the policy implementation process – which we have named "transition to practice". This, managed with political strategy, might have strongly contributed to the final successful policy outcome.
意大利于 2003 年批准并于 2005 年实施禁烟令，这被许多人视为政策变革的一个出人意料的成功案例。本文运用过程主义方法，集中研究了 2000 年至 2005 年期间的两个政策周期。这两个周期的结果截然相反：一个是不完整的决策阶段，另一个是两年后具有权威性的决定。通过对议程设置、替代方案制定和决策制定的不同阶段的分析，我们比较了政策企业家在这两个周期中的参与质量、他们的政治策略以及这些策略中问题形象的重要性。该案例使我们能够将学者和从业者的注意力引向政策实施过程的早期阶段——我们称之为“向实践过渡”。这一阶段如果能够通过政治策略进行有效管理，可能会对最终成功的政策结果产生重大影响。
