Croghan I, Muggli M, Zagà V, Lockhart N, Ebbert J, Mangiaracina G, Hurt R
Mayo Clinic, Nicotine Research Program, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Ann Ig. 2011 Mar-Apr;23(2):125-36.
In the face of strong and protracted opposition by the Tobacco Industry (TI) and its allies, Italy's national smoke-free legislation came into force in 2005 prohibiting smoking in all indoor public places and workplaces including offices, bars, and restaurants. Using internal TI documents made public through US litigation, we reveal the industry's nearly 40-year effort to influence health policy related to secondhand smoke, including attempts to block Italy's national smoke-free legislation. Strategies included manipulating hospitality groups and establishing front organizations, manipulating journalists and media, and manipulating the science and direct lobbying against smoking restrictions. The TI's extensive plan to thwart smoke-free efforts in Italy can be used to inform other countries about the industry's tactics and Italy's experience in overcoming them by ultimately implementing a comprehensive workplace smoke-free law.
面对烟草行业（TI）及其盟友的强烈且持久的反对，意大利的全国无烟立法于2005年生效，禁止在所有室内公共场所和工作场所吸烟，包括办公室、酒吧和餐馆。通过美国诉讼公开的烟草行业内部文件，我们揭示了该行业近40年来为影响与二手烟相关的健康政策所做的努力，包括试图阻止意大利的全国无烟立法。策略包括操纵酒店业团体和建立前沿组织、操纵记者和媒体、操纵科学以及直接游说反对吸烟限制。烟草行业在意大利挫败无烟努力的广泛计划可用于告知其他国家该行业的策略以及意大利最终通过实施全面的工作场所无烟法律来克服这些策略的经验。
