Department of Statistics and Operations Research III, Statistics School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda Pta Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Eur J Public Health. 2012 Feb;22(1):36-40. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckq133. Epub 2010 Oct 5.
Identifying factors associated with self-rated health (SRH) in two age groups (16-49 and ≥ 50 years) in the context of action for health promotion in adults.
The data used came from the household and adults questionnaires of the National Health Survey of Spain for 2006. SRH was categorized as positive (very positive or positive) and negative (fair, poor or very poor). Odds ratios for positive SRH compared with negative SRH were calculated using logistic regression models for complex samples. The determinants of the positive SRH were obtained for the total population and for two age groups.
Among the population aged ≥ 16 years, 66.6% reports positive SRH, 78.6% in the 16- to 49-year-old group and 47.7% in the ≥ 50-year-old group. SRH worsens with age until the age of 49, whereas 50 years onwards older report better health than the younger. The influence of lifestyle on the SRH varies by age group among adults as well: in the younger age groups, obesity, smoking and non-alcohol are associated with poor SRH; in contrast, physical exercise only in leisure time and enough sleeping hours are associated with positive SRH in the ≥ 50-year-old population.
The factors associated with SRH differ across age groups, particularly for lifestyle. Understanding the differences between the factors associated with the positive SRH is highly relevant for the design of specific programmes aimed at improving public health.
在促进成年人健康行动的背景下，确定与自我报告健康状况（SRH）相关的因素，该因素适用于两个年龄组（16-49 岁和≥50 岁）。
使用的数据来自 2006 年西班牙国家健康调查的家庭和成年人问卷。SRH 分为积极（非常积极或积极）和消极（一般、较差或非常差）。使用复杂样本的逻辑回归模型计算与消极 SRH 相比，积极 SRH 的优势比。为总人口和两个年龄组获得了积极 SRH 的决定因素。
在≥16 岁的人群中，66.6%报告了积极的 SRH，16-49 岁年龄组为 78.6%，≥50 岁年龄组为 47.7%。SRH 随着年龄的增长而恶化，直到 49 岁，而 50 岁以后的老年人报告的健康状况比年轻人好。生活方式对成年人的 SRH 的影响因年龄组而异：在年轻的年龄组中，肥胖、吸烟和非酒精与较差的 SRH 相关；相反，只有在闲暇时间进行体育锻炼和充足的睡眠时间与≥50 岁人群的积极 SRH 相关。
与 SRH 相关的因素因年龄组而异，特别是与生活方式有关。了解与积极 SRH 相关的因素之间的差异对于设计旨在改善公共卫生的特定计划具有重要意义。
