Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Rome, Italy.
Gene Ther. 2011 Feb;18(2):109-16. doi: 10.1038/gt.2010.124. Epub 2010 Oct 7.
The skeletal muscles are the major living component of the human body. They are constituted by stable cells, the myofibres, and by adult multipotent stem cells, the satellite cells, which can multiply to regenerate and repair the damaged tissues. Injections of DNA in muscle cells have been used to produce recombinant proteins with opposite goals: somatic reparation of genetic defects, which needs to elicit no inflammatory or immune response, and DNA vaccination, which needs a robust immune response. Because of possible therapeutical interventions, a growing body of information is being produced dealing with every aspect of the myofibres during inflammatory and autoimmune responses: skeletal muscle-antigen presenting cell (APC) interaction and intrinsic APC capabilities of myoblasts and myocytes, the response to released cytokines and their endogenous production, the regulation of Toll-like receptors and major histocompatibility complex expression. According to these data, the muscle tissue is now emerging no longer as a passive bystander, but more as an active player that, when correctly manipulated, can drive tolerance or immunization to these de novo produced proteins. In the present review, we summarize the recent developments on the control of muscle immune function.
骨骼肌是人体的主要活组织成分。它们由稳定的细胞（肌纤维）和成年多能干细胞（卫星细胞）组成，后者可以增殖以再生和修复受损组织。将 DNA 注射到肌肉细胞中已被用于产生具有相反目的的重组蛋白：体细胞修复遗传缺陷，这需要引起无炎症或免疫反应，而 DNA 疫苗接种则需要强大的免疫反应。由于可能的治疗干预，越来越多的信息正在产生，涉及炎症和自身免疫反应期间肌纤维的各个方面：骨骼肌-抗原呈递细胞 (APC) 相互作用和肌母细胞和肌细胞的固有 APC 能力、对释放的细胞因子及其内源性产生的反应、Toll 样受体和主要组织相容性复合体表达的调节。根据这些数据，肌肉组织现在不再是一个被动的旁观者，而是更多地作为一个积极的参与者，当正确地操纵时，可以诱导对这些新产生的蛋白质的耐受或免疫。在本综述中，我们总结了肌肉免疫功能控制的最新进展。
