Yale University, School of Nursing, 100 Church Street South, PO Box 9740, New Haven, CT 06536-0740, USA.
Nurs Outlook. 2010 Sep-Oct;58(5):242-51. doi: 10.1016/j.outlook.2010.05.001.
The Childhood Adaptation Model to Chronic Illness: Diabetes Mellitus was developed to identify factors that influence childhood adaptation to type 1 diabetes (T1D). Since this model was proposed, considerable research has been completed. The purpose of this article is to update the model on childhood adaptation to T1D using research conducted since the original model was proposed. The framework suggests that, in individuals and families, characteristics such as age and socioeconomic status as well as the individuals' and families' responses (self-management, coping, self-efficacy, family functioning, social competence) influence the level of adaptation; in children with T1D, characteristics such as treatment modality (pump vs injections) and psychosocial responses (depressive symptoms and anxiety) also influence the level of adaptation. Adaptation has both physiologic (metabolic control) and psychosocial (Quality of Life [QOL]) components. This revised model provides greater specificity to the factors that influence adaptation to chronic illness in children. Research and clinical implications are discussed.
糖尿病是为了确定影响儿童对 1 型糖尿病（T1D）适应的因素而开发的。自该模型提出以来，已经完成了相当多的研究。本文的目的是使用自原始模型提出以来进行的研究，更新 T1D 儿童适应模型。该框架表明，在个体和家庭中，年龄和社会经济地位等特征以及个体和家庭的反应（自我管理、应对、自我效能、家庭功能、社会能力）会影响适应水平；在患有 T1D 的儿童中，治疗方式（泵与注射）和心理社会反应（抑郁症状和焦虑）等特征也会影响适应水平。适应具有生理（代谢控制）和心理社会（生活质量[QOL]）两个方面。该修订后的模型为影响儿童慢性病适应的因素提供了更大的特异性。讨论了研究和临床意义。
