World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.
J Public Health (Oxf). 2011 Jun;33(2):223-33. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdq076. Epub 2010 Oct 8.
The objective is to systematically estimate the current cancer incidence and mortality from the six leading cancer types globally and by sub-regions resulting from exposure to known risk factors such as tobacco use, elevated body weight, alcohol consumption, inadequate physical activity, unhealthy diet and infections.
Cancer incidence, mortality and burden of disease caused by the main cancer risk factors were calculated using comparative risk assessment methods and updated data on mortality and risks.
Lung cancer was the most common cancer in men and breast cancer the most common cancer in women, both in terms of incidence and mortality. The five leading behavioral and dietary risks--high body mass index, low fruit and vegetable intake, physical inactivity, tobacco use and alcohol use--were responsible for 24% of new cancer cases and 30% of cancer deaths. Cancers with the largest proportions attributable to preventable risk factors were cervical cancer (100%) and lung cancer (71%). Seventy percent of liver cancers and 60% of stomach cancers were due to infectious agents. A higher proportion of cancer deaths was attributed to infections in low- and middle-income than in high-income countries.
The cancer burden is driven by changes in exposure to influential risk factors and can be influenced by preventive interventions aimed at reducing these exposures.
本研究旨在通过对已知风险因素（如吸烟、体重偏高、饮酒、缺乏身体活动、不健康饮食和感染）暴露导致的全球六种主要癌症类型和亚区域的癌症发病率和死亡率进行系统评估。
使用比较风险评估方法和最新的死亡率和风险数据，计算了主要癌症风险因素导致的癌症发病率、死亡率和疾病负担。
肺癌在男性中最常见，乳腺癌在女性中最常见，无论是发病率还是死亡率均是如此。五种主要的行为和饮食风险因素——高身体质量指数、低水果和蔬菜摄入量、缺乏身体活动、吸烟和饮酒——导致了 24%的新发癌症病例和 30%的癌症死亡。归因于可预防风险因素的癌症比例最高的是宫颈癌（100%）和肺癌（71%）。70%的肝癌和 60%的胃癌归因于感染因子。高收入国家归因于感染的癌症死亡比例高于中低收入国家。
癌症负担是由暴露于有影响力的风险因素的变化驱动的，可以通过旨在减少这些暴露的预防干预措施来影响。
