Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Curr Opin Lipidol. 2011 Feb;22(1):33-6. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0b013e32834020a3.
Intake of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) increases the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration in plasma and has therefore been suggested to increase the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Focus on limiting SFA intake without specifying the substitutions may be counterproductive because SFAs may be replaced with other equally or more harmful macronutrients. Recent findings on substitution of specified macronutrients for SFAs and risk of IHD are reviewed.
Recent cohort studies suggest that intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) or carbohydrates with low-glycemic index values in place of SFAs is associated with a lower risk of IHD whereas intake of carbohydrates with high-glycemic index values in place of SFAs is associated with a higher risk of IHD.
Cohort studies and randomized clinical trials provide convincing evidence of a lower risk of IHD associated with substitution of PUFAs for SFAs. Analyzing substitution of specified macronutrients for SFAs offers a perspective different from the single nutrient focus and may provide further insight into IHD prevention.
摄入饱和脂肪酸（SFAs）会增加血浆中低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的浓度，因此有人认为这会增加缺血性心脏病（IHD）的风险。关注限制 SFA 的摄入而不具体说明替代物可能会适得其反，因为 SFA 可能会被其他同样或更有害的宏量营养素所取代。本文回顾了最近关于用特定宏量营养素替代 SFA 与 IHD 风险的研究结果。
最近的队列研究表明，用多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）或低血糖指数值的碳水化合物替代 SFA 与较低的 IHD 风险相关，而用高血糖指数值的碳水化合物替代 SFA 与较高的 IHD 风险相关。
队列研究和随机临床试验提供了令人信服的证据，表明用 PUFAs 替代 SFA 与较低的 IHD 风险相关。分析特定宏量营养素替代 SFA 提供了与单一营养素焦点不同的视角，可能为 IHD 的预防提供进一步的见解。
