饱和脂肪的宏量营养素替代选择：对心血管健康的影响。
Macronutrient replacement options for saturated fat: effects on cardiovascular health.
作者信息
Flock Michael R, Fleming Jennifer A, Kris-Etherton Penny M
机构信息
Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA.
出版信息
Curr Opin Lipidol. 2014 Feb;25(1):67-74. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000039.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The purpose of this review is to discuss macronutrient replacement options for saturated fatty acids (SFAs) to optimize cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction.
RECENT FINDINGS
Dietary recommendations advise decreasing SFAs. There is convincing evidence that replacing SFAs with unsaturated fat, both omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, reduces CVD risk. Monounsaturated fatty acid substitution for SFAs also decreases CVD risk. Replacing SFAs with refined carbohydrate does little to alter CVD risk, whereas whole-grain CHO or lean protein substitutions beneficially affect CVD risk.
SUMMARY
Modifying the macronutrient composition of the diet by replacing SFAs with unsaturated fatty acids, as well as lean protein and carbohydrate from whole grains, all lower CVD risk. Research is needed to identify food sources of macronutrients that optimize CVD risk reduction.
综述目的
本综述旨在探讨用宏量营养素替代饱和脂肪酸（SFA）的方案，以优化降低心血管疾病（CVD）风险。
最新发现
饮食建议提倡减少饱和脂肪酸的摄入。有令人信服的证据表明，用不饱和脂肪（包括ω-6和ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸）替代饱和脂肪酸可降低心血管疾病风险。用单不饱和脂肪酸替代饱和脂肪酸也能降低心血管疾病风险。用精制碳水化合物替代饱和脂肪酸对改变心血管疾病风险作用不大，而用全谷物碳水化合物或瘦肉蛋白替代则对心血管疾病风险有有益影响。
总结
通过用不饱和脂肪酸以及全谷物中的瘦肉蛋白和碳水化合物替代饱和脂肪酸来改变饮食中的宏量营养素组成，均可降低心血管疾病风险。需要开展研究以确定能最优化降低心血管疾病风险的宏量营养素食物来源。
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