Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, P.O.Box 3060, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2011 Dec;46(12):1233-41. doi: 10.1007/s00127-010-0297-9. Epub 2010 Oct 10.
Childhood externalizing behavior is found to be relatively persistent. Developmental pathways within types of externalizing behavior have been recognized from childhood to adolescence. We aimed to describe the prediction of adult DSM-IV disorders from developmental trajectories of externalizing behavior over a period of 24 years on a longitudinal multiple birth cohort study of 2,076 children. This has not been examined yet.
Trajectories of the four externalizing behavior types aggression, opposition, property violations, and status violations were determined separately through latent class growth analysis (LCGA) using data of five waves, covering ages 4-18 years. Psychiatric disorders of 1,399 adults were assessed with the CIDI. We used regression analyses to determine the associations between children's trajectories and adults' psychiatric disorders.
All externalizing behavior types showed significant associations with disruptive disorder in adulthood. In all antisocial behavior types high-level trajectories showed the highest probability for predicting adult disorders. Particularly the status violations cluster predicted many disorders in adulthood. The trajectories most often predicted disruptive disorders in adulthood, but predicted also anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders.
We can conclude that an elevated level of externalizing behavior in childhood has impact on the long-term outcome, regardless of the developmental course of externalizing behavior. Furthermore, different types of externalizing behavior (i.e., aggression, opposition, property violations, and status violations) were related to different adult outcomes, and children and adolescents with externalizing behavior of the status violations subtype were most likely to be affected in adulthood.
儿童期的外化行为具有一定的持续性。从儿童期到青春期，已经认识到了不同类型的外化行为的发展途径。我们旨在通过对一个 2076 名儿童的纵向多胎队列研究，描述在 24 年的时间里，外化行为的发展轨迹对成年 DSM-IV 障碍的预测。这一点尚未被研究过。
使用潜在类别增长分析（LCGA）分别确定了四种外化行为类型（攻击、对立、财产侵犯和地位侵犯）的轨迹，数据来自 5 个时间点，涵盖了 4-18 岁的年龄。使用 CIDI 评估了 1399 名成年人的精神障碍。我们使用回归分析来确定儿童轨迹与成人精神障碍之间的关联。
所有外化行为类型都与成年期的破坏性行为障碍显著相关。在所有反社会行为类型中，高水平轨迹显示出预测成人障碍的最高概率。特别是地位侵犯聚类预测了成年期的许多障碍。这些轨迹最常预测成年期的破坏性行为障碍，但也预测了焦虑、情绪和物质使用障碍。
我们可以得出结论，儿童时期的外化行为水平升高对长期结果有影响，而不论外化行为的发展过程如何。此外，不同类型的外化行为（即攻击、对立、财产侵犯和地位侵犯）与不同的成年结果相关，具有地位侵犯亚型外化行为的儿童和青少年在成年后最有可能受到影响。
