Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0284, USA.
Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Nov 15;51(10):e76-81. doi: 10.1086/656918. Epub 2010 Oct 11.
Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a leading cause of disability, including sensorineural hearing loss, developmental delay, and mental retardation. Although the seroprevalence of CMV and associated exposure and behavioral risk factors have been reported in adolescent females, few data exist about males.
Serum samples were obtained from males aged 12-17 years from June 2006 through July 2007 in Cincinnati, Ohio; Galveston, Texas; and Nashville, Tennessee. The samples were tested for CMV immunoglobulin G antibody with a commercial assay. Participants completed a computer-assisted screening interview to assess 7 risk categories.
A total of 397 adolescent males were screened, and 165 (47%) were seropositive. African American race, older age, and exposure to children ≤ 3 years of age in the home were significant predictors of CMV infection in the univariate analysis. Hispanic ethnicity, group living situations, saliva-sharing behaviors, and intimate sexual contact were not associated with CMV infection. However, among those with a history of sexual contact, the number of life-time partners was associated with CMV. In the final multivariate model, CMV seroprevalence was significantly higher in African American subjects (odds ratio [OR], 1.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27-2.95) and subjects ≥ 14 years of age (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.0-1.28). With each additional risk factor, males had a 1.6 times increased risk of CMV.
CMV infections are common in adolescent males and are associated with African American race and increasing age. Further study is needed to understand these risk factors in preparation for a CMV vaccine targeted at both adolescent males and females.
先天性巨细胞病毒（CMV）是导致残疾的主要原因，包括感音神经性听力损失、发育迟缓以及智力障碍。尽管已在青少年女性中报告了 CMV 的血清流行率以及相关的暴露和行为危险因素，但针对男性的数据很少。
2006 年 6 月至 2007 年 7 月，在俄亥俄州辛辛那提、德克萨斯州加尔维斯顿和田纳西州纳什维尔采集了年龄在 12-17 岁的男性血清样本。使用商业检测方法对这些样本进行 CMV 免疫球蛋白 G 抗体检测。参与者完成了计算机辅助筛查访谈，以评估 7 个风险类别。
共对 397 名青少年男性进行了筛查，其中 165 名（47%）呈血清阳性。在单变量分析中，非裔美国人种族、年龄较大以及家中有≤3 岁的儿童暴露是非巨细胞病毒感染的显著预测因素。西班牙裔种族、集体居住情况、唾液共享行为以及密切的性接触与 CMV 感染无关。然而，在有性接触史的人群中，性伴侣的数量与 CMV 相关。在最终的多变量模型中，非裔美国人（优势比 [OR]，1.93；95%置信区间 [CI]，1.27-2.95）和年龄≥14 岁的青少年（OR，1.1；95% CI，1.0-1.28）的 CMV 血清阳性率显著更高。随着每个额外风险因素的增加，男性 CMV 的感染风险增加 1.6 倍。
CMV 感染在青少年男性中很常见，与非裔美国人种族和年龄增长相关。需要进一步研究这些危险因素，以便为针对青少年男性和女性的 CMV 疫苗做好准备。
