Paciaroni Maurizio, Cittadini Elisabetta, Bogousslavsky Julien
Front Neurol Neurosci. 2011;29:61-70. doi: 10.1159/000321777. Epub 2010 Oct 7.
Several French physicians of the 19th century are considered to be the pioneers of modern neurology, especially Jean-Martin Charcot. Later, the pupils of Charcot--interns at La Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris, including Cornil, Bouchard and Bourneville--went on to make great contributions to the field of neurology with their own discoveries. Specifically, with their mentor, they made the following contributions: Bouchard is responsible for first-ever description of cerebral hemorrhage pathogenesis; Bourneville arranged for the publication of Charcot's works; Cornil demonstrated histological evidence that supported Guillaume Duchenne's hypothesis regarding the cause of paralysis in poliomyelitis and he made the first diagnosis of chronic childhood arthritis. Besides these physicians, Adrien Proust, the father of the novelist Marcel, who had met Charcot at the Salpêtrière during the early part of his career, was a renowned physician, who also contributed greatly to research through his published works on stroke, aphasia, hysteria and neurasthenia.
19世纪的几位法国医生被认为是现代神经病学的先驱，尤其是让-马丁·沙可。后来，沙可的学生们——巴黎萨尔佩特里埃医院的实习生，包括科尔尼、布沙尔和布尔内维尔——凭借自己的发现，继续为神经病学领域做出了巨大贡献。具体而言，他们与导师一起做出了以下贡献：布沙尔首次描述了脑出血的发病机制；布尔内维尔安排出版了沙可的著作；科尔尼展示了组织学证据，支持纪尧姆·杜兴关于小儿麻痹症瘫痪病因的假说，并且他首次诊断出慢性儿童关节炎。除了这些医生，小说家马塞尔·普鲁斯特的父亲阿德里安·普鲁斯特，在其职业生涯早期曾在萨尔佩特里埃医院见过沙可，他是一位著名的医生，通过发表关于中风、失语症、癔症和神经衰弱的著作，也为研究做出了巨大贡献。
