Pérez-Rincón Héctor
Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico.
Front Neurol Neurosci. 2011;29:115-124. doi: 10.1159/000321781. Epub 2010 Oct 7.
A key moment in the history of psychiatry occurred during Charcot's time at La Salpêtriere. Though his studies on hysteria and hypnotism, the founder of neurology inspired the work of two of his alumni: a Viennese Nervenartz and a French philosopher interested in the dissociation of personality. Even though neither of them was originally an alienist, their respective work allowed the field of neurosis--then belonging to internal medicine--to pass to psychiatry. The parallel lives of these frères enemis, both of whom were treated differently by fame, developed inside a very complex cultural and scientific milieu. Therefore, it is necessary to consider them together with other physicians, some of whom are much less well-known nowadays, who one way or another carried Charcot's influence into psychiatry, psychology and psychotherapy. The fates of the Dioscuri have been reversed--the fame and success of Freudian psychoanalysis ran parallel to Janet's oblivion and his long 'purgatory', but now the 'renaissance' of his work coincides with the decline of psychoanalysis as a theoretical explanation for mental pathology.
精神病学史上的一个关键时刻发生在沙可在萨尔佩特里埃医院任职期间。通过对癔症和催眠术的研究，这位神经学的奠基人启发了他的两位学生的工作：一位是维也纳神经科医生，另一位是对人格分裂感兴趣的法国哲学家。尽管他们两人最初都不是精神病医生，但他们各自的工作使得当时属于内科领域的神经症转归到了精神病学领域。这两位亦敌亦友的人有着相似的人生轨迹，他们在声誉上却有着不同的遭遇，他们在一个非常复杂的文化和科学环境中成长。因此，有必要将他们与其他医生放在一起考虑，其中一些人如今已鲜为人知，他们以某种方式将沙可的影响带入了精神病学、心理学和心理治疗领域。卡斯托耳与波吕丢刻斯的命运被颠倒了——弗洛伊德精神分析的声誉和成功与雅内被遗忘以及他漫长的“炼狱”并行，但现在他作品的“复兴”与精神分析作为一种精神病理学理论解释的衰落同时出现。
