Mata L, Abarca G, Marranghello L, Víquez R
Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud (INISA), Universidad de Costa Rica.
Rev Biol Trop. 1990 Jun;38(1):129-36.
This paper describes an outbreak of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), affecting human populations on the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica in October 1989. Numbness in arms, face and legs occurred 30 to 45 minutes after ingestion of the large clam Spondylus calcifer. Paralysis of legs and respiratory symptoms followed, often persisting for one week. Large amounts of the dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense were found in the intestine of the mollusk. A toxin was detected in crude or filtered and heated macerates of intestine, muscle, mantle and hepatopancreas of S. calcifer, and to a lesser extent Tagelus sp., by injection of its crude or diluted extracts in white mice. The effects in mice consisted in paralysis and asphyxia generally leading to death in less than 5 minutes, compatible with saxitoxin. Mice were killed by the toxin in macerates diluted 1:100 to 1:1000. No toxin was detected in Anadara tuberculosa (Bivalvia) or in peneids. Prevention rests on intersectoral actions between state and private sectors in charge of fishing, distribution and marketing of shellfish, as well as on education of the population at large.
本文描述了1989年10月在哥斯达黎加太平洋海岸发生的一起影响人群的麻痹性贝类中毒（PSP）事件。食用大型蛤类石蛏后30至45分钟，手臂、面部和腿部出现麻木感。随后出现腿部麻痹和呼吸道症状，通常持续一周。在软体动物的肠道中发现了大量的巴哈马梨甲藻。通过将石蛏肠道、肌肉、外套膜和肝胰腺的粗提物或经过过滤和加热的浸软物，以及在较小程度上塔氏蛤的粗提物或稀释提取物注射到小白鼠体内，检测到了一种毒素。毒素对小鼠的影响包括麻痹和窒息，通常在不到5分钟内导致死亡，这与石房蛤毒素相符。稀释至1:100至1:1000的浸软物中的毒素可致小鼠死亡。在结节泥蚶（双壳纲）或对虾中未检测到毒素。预防措施依赖于负责贝类捕捞、分销和销售的国家和私营部门之间的跨部门行动，以及对广大民众的教育。
