健康老年人的行走行为：值得关注。
Walking behaviour of healthy elderly: attention should be paid.
机构信息
Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, HIT J 32,3; Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 37, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
出版信息
Behav Brain Funct. 2010 Oct 12;6:59. doi: 10.1186/1744-9081-6-59.
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have reported an association between executive function (EF) and measures of gait, particularly among older adults. This study examined the relationship between specific components of executive functions and the relative dual task costs of gait (DTC) in community-dwelling non-demented older adults, aged 65 years and older.
METHODS
Temporal (stride time, stride velocity) and spatial (stride length) gait characteristics were measured using a GAITRite-System among 62 healthy community dwelling older adults while walking with and without backward counting (BC) at preferred and fast walking speeds. Specific executive functions divided attention, memory and inhibition were assessed using the Test for Attentional Performance (TAP). Other measures included Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), amount of daily medications taken, educational level and sociodemographic characteristics. Adjusted and unadjusted multivariable linear regression models were developed to assess the relations between variables.
RESULTS
High relative DTC for stride time, stride velocity and stride length were associated with divided attention at fast walking speed. High relative DTC for stride time was associated with divided attention at preferred walking speed. The association between high DTC of stride length and memory was less robust and only observable at preferred walking speed. None of the gait measures was associated with inhibition.
CONCLUSIONS
Spatial and temporal dual task cost characteristics of gait are especially associated with divided attention in older adults. The results showed that the associated DTC differ by executive function and the nature of the task (preferred versus fast walking). Further research is warranted to determine whether improvement in divided attention translates to better performance on selected complex walking tasks.
背景
先前的研究报告称，执行功能（EF）与步态测量之间存在关联，尤其是在老年人中。本研究旨在探讨社区居住的非痴呆老年人中执行功能的特定成分与步态相对双重任务成本（DTC）之间的关系，这些老年人年龄在 65 岁及以上。
方法
在 62 名健康的社区居住的老年人以惯用速度和快速速度行走时，使用 GAITRite 系统测量了步态的时间（步幅时间、步幅速度）和空间（步幅长度）特征，同时进行了伴有和不伴有倒计数（BC）的双重任务。使用注意力表现测试（TAP）评估了注意力、记忆和抑制等特定的执行功能。其他测量指标包括简易精神状态检查（MMSE）、每日服用药物的数量、教育水平和社会人口统计学特征。采用调整和未调整的多变量线性回归模型来评估变量之间的关系。
结果
步幅时间、步幅速度和步幅长度的相对 DTC 较高与快速行走时的注意力分散有关。步幅时间的相对 DTC 较高与行走速度较快时的注意力分散有关。步幅长度的 DTC 与记忆之间的关联不那么稳健，仅在行走速度较快时可见。没有任何步态指标与抑制有关。
结论
步态的时空双重任务成本特征与老年人的注意力分散特别相关。结果表明，与执行功能和任务性质（惯用速度与快速速度）相关的 DTC 不同。需要进一步研究，以确定注意力分散的改善是否能转化为在特定复杂行走任务中的更好表现。
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