Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway.
Fungal Biol. 2010 Jul;114(7):545-54. doi: 10.1016/j.funbio.2010.04.005. Epub 2010 Apr 24.
Current season needle necrosis (CSNN) has been a serious foliage disorder on true fir Christmas trees and bough material in Europe and North America for more than 25y. Approximately 2-4 weeks after bud break, needles develop chlorotic spots or bands that later turn necrotic. The symptoms have been observed on noble fir (Abies procera), Nordmann fir (A. nordmanniana) and grand fir (A. grandis) on both continents. CSNN was reported as a physiological disorder with unknown aetiology from USA, Denmark, and Ireland, but was associated with the fungus Kabatina abietis in Germany, Austria and Norway. In 2007, a fungus that morphologically resembled K. abietis was isolated from symptomatic needle samples from Nordmann fir from Austria, Denmark, Germany, Norway, and USA. Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA of these cultures, plus a K. abietis reference culture from Germany (CBS 248.93), resulted in Hormonema dematioides, the imperfect stage of Sydowia polyspora, and thus the taxonomy is further discussed. Inoculation tests on Nordmann fir seedlings and transplants with isolates of S. polyspora from all five countries resulted in the development of CSNN symptoms. In 2009, S. polyspora was also isolated from symptomatic needles from Nordmann fir collected in Slovakia.
当前季节针坏死（CSNN）已成为欧洲和北美的真枞圣诞树上和树枝材料的严重叶片病害超过 25 年。在芽破裂后大约 2-4 周，针叶出现黄化斑点或条带，随后变为坏死。在两个大陆的北美圆柏（Abies procera）、挪威云杉（A. nordmanniana）和北美黄杉（A. grandis）上都观察到了这些症状。CSNN 被报道为美国、丹麦和爱尔兰的一种病因不明的生理失调，但与德国、奥地利和挪威的真菌 Kabatina abietis 有关。2007 年，从奥地利、丹麦、德国、挪威和美国的挪威云杉有症状的针叶样本中分离出一种形态上类似于 K. abietis 的真菌。这些培养物核糖体 DNA 的内部转录间隔区（ITS）区域的测序，加上德国的 K. abietis 参考培养物（CBS 248.93），导致 Sydowia polyspora 的不完善阶段 Hormonema dematioides，因此进一步讨论了分类。用来自五个国家的 S. polyspora 分离物对挪威云杉幼苗和移植进行的接种试验导致 CSNN 症状的发展。2009 年，还从斯洛伐克收集的挪威云杉有症状的针叶中分离出 S. polyspora。
