Department of Psychology, Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, University of Washington, Suite 300, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2010 Nov;71(6):925-9. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2010.71.925.
Expectancies regarding the global effects of alcohol are influential aspects of drinking behavior that can vary by type of beverage consumed. Lacking in the research literature is a thorough investigation of how expected effects and subjective evaluations of specific positive (e.g., increased sociability, relaxation) and specific negative (e.g., impairment, aggression) expectancy effects vary by different types of alcoholic beverages.
The present between-subjects study used a sample of 498 young adults randomized to complete a measure of alcohol expectancies based on one of three alcohol-type conditions (beer, wine, distilled spirits). Participants also indicated the typical amount consumed of the beverage. Separate multivariate analysis of variance tests were run to determine if differences existed among the three conditions for positive and negative expected effects and subjective evaluations.
Findings suggested that individuals may expect different effects from consuming different types of alcoholic beverages. Participants expressed more agreement that wine would have relaxation effects and rated this effect more positively. Participants expressed more disagreement that beer or shots would have effects on sexuality and rated sexuality effects more positively for wine. Participants reported less agreement that wine would have impairing effects, as well as more disagreement that wine would affect risk, aggression, and self-perception. Impairing effects of wine were also viewed less negatively than other condition beverages.
Findings suggest that individuals may hold different beliefs about the effects of wine, compared with beer and shots of distilled spirits. Research and interventions targeting general alcohol expectancies may miss important between-beverage differences in perceived effects and subjective evaluations regarding alcohol's effects.
对酒精的全球影响的期望是饮酒行为的一个有影响力的方面，它可以因所消费的饮料类型而有所不同。在研究文献中缺乏对特定的积极预期（例如，增加社交能力、放松）和特定的负面预期（例如，损伤、攻击）的预期效果以及主观评价如何因不同类型的酒精饮料而变化的彻底调查。
本研究采用了 498 名年轻成年人的样本，他们被随机分配到基于三种酒精类型条件（啤酒、葡萄酒、蒸馏酒）之一的酒精预期量表中完成测量。参与者还指出了他们通常饮用的饮料量。分别进行多元方差分析测试，以确定三种条件之间在积极和消极预期效果以及主观评价方面是否存在差异。
研究结果表明，个体可能会从饮用不同类型的酒精饮料中期望不同的效果。参与者更同意葡萄酒会有放松的效果，并对这种效果给予更高的评价。参与者更不同意啤酒或烈酒会对性行为产生影响，并对葡萄酒的性行为效果给予更高的评价。参与者报告说，他们更不同意葡萄酒会产生损伤作用，也更不同意葡萄酒会影响风险、攻击和自我认知。葡萄酒的损伤作用也被认为比其他条件下的饮料的损伤作用要小。
研究结果表明，与啤酒和蒸馏酒相比，个体可能对葡萄酒的效果持有不同的信念。针对一般酒精预期的研究和干预可能会错过对酒精效果的感知效果和主观评价方面在不同饮料之间的重要差异。
