Georg-Elias-Müller Institute for Psychology, Georg-August University Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany.
Conscious Cogn. 2011 Sep;20(3):866-81. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2010.09.014. Epub 2010 Oct 13.
Visual stimuli (primes) that are made invisible by masking can affect motor responses to a subsequent target stimulus. When a prime is followed by a mask which is followed by a target stimulus, an inverse priming effect (or negative compatibility effect) has been found: Responses are slow and frequently incorrect when prime and target stimuli are congruent, but fast and accurate when prime and target stimuli are incongruent. To functionally localize the origins of inverse priming effects, we applied the psychological refractory period (PRP-) paradigm which distinguishes a perceptual level, a central bottleneck, and a level of motor execution. Two dual-task experiments were run with the PRP-paradigm to localize the inverse priming effect relative to the central bottleneck. Together, results of the Effect-Absorption and the Effect-Propagation Procedure suggest that inverse priming effects are generated by perceptual mechanisms. We suggest two perceptual mechanisms as the source of inverse priming effects.
视觉刺激（启动刺激）可以通过掩蔽变得不可见，从而影响随后目标刺激的运动反应。当一个启动刺激后面跟着一个掩蔽刺激，然后再跟着一个目标刺激时，就会出现反向启动效应（或负相容效应）：当启动刺激和目标刺激一致时，反应会变慢，而且经常出错，但当启动刺激和目标刺激不一致时，反应会变快且准确。为了对反向启动效应的起源进行功能定位，我们应用了心理不应期（PRP-）范式，该范式区分了知觉水平、中央瓶颈和运动执行水平。我们进行了两项双任务实验，利用 PRP 范式将反向启动效应定位于中央瓶颈。综合来看，“效应吸收”和“效应传播”过程的结果表明，反向启动效应是由知觉机制产生的。我们提出了两种知觉机制作为反向启动效应的来源。
