Mattler Uwe
Department of Experimental Psychology, Georg-Elias-Müller Institut für Psychologie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Gosslerstr. 14, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany.
Percept Psychophys. 2006 Aug;68(6):975-91. doi: 10.3758/bf03193359.
Visual stimuli that are made invisible by a following mask can affect overt motor responses and nonmotor processing. Previous studies have compared the effects of primes that were perceptually similar to the subsequent stimulus with those of primes that were perceptually similar to an alternative stimulus. The present study examined the effect of congruent primes that are perceptually dissimilar to the target (or the cue) but are nonetheless associated with the same response (or the same task) as the later stimulus. Positive and inverse priming effects (negative compatibility effects) were studied in a target priming paradigm (Experiments 1 and 2) and in a cue priming paradigm (Experiments 3 and 4). The results showed stronger priming effects with similar primes than with dissimilar congruent primes. However, the effects of perceptually dissimilar congruent primes differed from those of dissimilar incongruent primes. These findings suggest that a substantial part of both positive target and cue priming effects is produced at levels of processing that are not affected by perceptual similarity. The version of inverse priming effects examined in this study, however, seems to arise from perceptual processing that is affected by the similarity between a prime and the stimulus that follows the mask.
被随后的掩蔽刺激变得不可见的视觉刺激会影响明显的运动反应和非运动加工。先前的研究比较了在感知上与后续刺激相似的启动刺激与在感知上与替代刺激相似的启动刺激的效果。本研究考察了在感知上与目标（或线索）不同但与后续刺激具有相同反应（或相同任务）的一致启动刺激的效果。在目标启动范式（实验1和2）和线索启动范式（实验3和4）中研究了正向和反向启动效应（负相容性效应）。结果表明，与不相似的一致启动刺激相比，相似启动刺激的启动效应更强。然而，在感知上不相似的一致启动刺激的效果与不相似的不一致启动刺激的效果不同。这些发现表明，正向目标和线索启动效应的很大一部分是在不受感知相似性影响的加工水平上产生的。然而，本研究中考察的反向启动效应版本似乎源于受启动刺激与掩蔽后刺激之间相似性影响的感知加工。
