Department of Public Health, Federal University of Maranhão, Maranhão, Rua Barão de Itapary, 155, Centro, São Luís, Maranhão, CEP: 65020-070, Brazil.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2010 Sep;7(9):3531-44. doi: 10.3390/ijerph7093531. Epub 2010 Sep 27.
Evidence suggests that energy-protein malnutrition is associated with impaired growth and development of facial bones. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between nutritional status and reduced space for dental eruption (crowding) in permanent dentition. A cross-sectional study with probabilistic sampling design was used. We evaluated 2,060 students aged 12 to 15 years enrolled in schools in the northeast of Brazil. Crowding was defined according to World Health Organization (WHO) as misalignment of teeth due to lack of space for them to erupt in the correct position. Nutritional status was evaluated by means of body mass index and height-for-age, using the WHO's reference curves. Parents and adolescents responded to a questionnaire about demographic, socioeconomic, biological and behavioral characteristics. The associations were estimated by odds ratio (OR) in multivariate logistic regression analysis (alpha = 0.05). Confounding and effect-modification were taken into account. An association between low height-for-age (z-score < -1SD) and crowding was only observed in adolescents with a prolonged history of mouth breathing (OR = 3.1). No association was observed between underweight and crowding. Malnutrition is related to crowding in permanent dentition among mouth-breathing adolescents. Policy actions aimed at reducing low height-for-age and unhealthy oral habits are strongly recommended. However, further studies are needed to increase the consistency of these findings and improve understanding of the subject.
有证据表明，能量-蛋白质营养不良与面部骨骼生长发育受损有关。本研究旨在探讨营养状况与恒牙萌出间隙减小（拥挤）之间的关系。这是一项采用概率抽样设计的横断面研究。我们评估了 2060 名年龄在 12 至 15 岁之间、来自巴西东北部学校的学生。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的定义，拥挤是由于牙齿缺乏足够的萌出空间而导致的牙齿不齐。营养状况通过体重指数和身高-年龄来评估，使用世卫组织的参考曲线。家长和青少年回答了一份关于人口统计学、社会经济、生物学和行为特征的问卷。使用多元逻辑回归分析（alpha = 0.05）来估计关联。考虑了混杂因素和效应修饰。只有在有长期口呼吸史的青少年中，低身高年龄（z 评分< -1SD）与拥挤之间才存在关联（OR = 3.1）。消瘦与拥挤之间没有关联。在口呼吸的青少年中，营养不良与恒牙拥挤有关。强烈建议采取政策行动，减少身高年龄较低和不健康的口腔习惯。然而，需要进一步的研究来提高这些发现的一致性，并加深对这一主题的理解。
