Hata E, Aoki K
Department of Literature, Yamaguchi Women's University, Japan.
Res Q Exerc Sport. 1990 Jun;61(2):178-83. doi: 10.1080/02701367.1990.10608672.
Ages at menarche and selected menstrual characteristics in 204 nonathletes, 253 high school athletes, 386 college athletes, and 40 young top athletes of Japan were investigated by questionnaire. Data from the questionnaire have confirmed (a) the ascending trend of ages of menarche with advancement of training and competitive level, and (b) the diversity of mean age at menarche by sport in a given level. The menarcheal orders by sport in the literature have been found to be strikingly similar to those found in the present data. We offer the hypothesis that ages at menarche and selected menarcheal characteristics (a) are brought about by selection in the socialization process into sports participation, and (b) reflect the diversity of suitable physiques by sport. Also, the higher the training and competitive level, the more likely the occurrence of menstrual irregularity (cycle length and period duration) and/or dysmenorrhea (backache).
通过问卷调查对日本的204名非运动员、253名高中运动员、386名大学运动员和40名年轻顶尖运动员的初潮年龄及选定的月经特征进行了调查。问卷调查的数据证实了：(a)初潮年龄随着训练和竞技水平的提高呈上升趋势；(b)在特定水平下，不同运动项目的初潮平均年龄存在差异。文献中按运动项目划分的初潮顺序与本研究数据中发现的顺序惊人地相似。我们提出如下假设：(a)初潮年龄和选定的初潮特征是在参与体育活动的社会化过程中通过选择产生的；(b)反映了不同运动项目对合适身体素质的多样性要求。此外，训练和竞技水平越高，月经不规律（周期长度和经期持续时间）和/或痛经（背痛）的发生可能性就越大。
