Malina R M, Spirduso W W, Tate C, Baylor A M
Med Sci Sports. 1978 Fall;10(3):218-22.
Ages at menarche in 110 non-athletes, 59 high school atjletes, 53 college athletes, and 18 olympic volleyball candidates were determined through interview. The athletes attained menarche significantly later than the non-athletes (p less than .001), and the olympic athletes attained menarche significantly later than the high school and college athletes (p less than .001). The high school and college athletes did not differ significantly in the mean age at menarche. When menarche in college athletes was analyzed by specific sports, the small samples of participants in golf (n = 4), volleyball (n = 7), swimming (n = 7), basketball (n = 16), and gymnastics and track (n = 6) did not differ significantly from each other in the mean age at menarche. The olympic volleyball aspirants attained menarche significantly later than all sport-specific groups (p less than .05 to p less than .001) except the gymnastics-track and tennis (n = 13) athletes. Smaller samples of non-athletes (n = 27) and college athletes (n = 21 from volleyball and basketball), plus the olympic athletes were also interviewed regarding selected menstrual characteristics. Although the athletes reported a greater incidence of dysmenorrhea and menstrual irregularity, none of the chi square values comparing the three groups was significant.
通过访谈确定了110名非运动员、59名高中运动员、53名大学运动员和18名奥运会排球候选运动员的初潮年龄。运动员的初潮年龄显著晚于非运动员（p<0.001），奥运会运动员的初潮年龄显著晚于高中和大学运动员（p<0.001）。高中和大学运动员的初潮平均年龄没有显著差异。当按具体运动项目分析大学运动员的初潮情况时，高尔夫（n=4）、排球（n=7）、游泳（n=7）、篮球（n=16）以及体操和田径（n=6）项目的少量参与者在初潮平均年龄上彼此没有显著差异。奥运会排球候选运动员的初潮年龄显著晚于除体操-田径和网球（n=13）运动员之外的所有特定运动项目组（p<0.05至p<0.001）。还就选定的月经特征对少量非运动员（n=27）和大学运动员（排球和篮球项目，n=21）以及奥运会运动员进行了访谈。尽管运动员报告痛经和月经不规律的发生率较高，但比较这三组的卡方值均无显著意义。
