Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK.
CNS Neurosci Ther. 2011 Oct;17(5):311-26. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2010.00190.x. Epub 2010 Oct 15.
Chinese acupuncture therapy has been practiced for more than 3000 years. According to neuroimaging studies, electroacupuncture has been demonstrated to be effective via control of the frequency parameter of stimulation, based on the theory of frequency modulation of brain function.
To investigate the following: (1) possible sustained effects of acustimulation in improving perceptual sensitivity in attention by comparing before, during, and 5 min following stimulation; (2) relations between commission errors and the motor inhibition event-related potential (ERP) component measured with independent component analysis (ICA); (3) whether habituation would be demonstrated in the sham control group and would be militated by acustimulation in the experimental groups.
Twenty-seven subjects were divided into three groups (n = 9). d-Prime (d') derived from signal detection theory was used as an index of perceptual sensitivity in the visual continuous performance attention test. Increased d' was found during both alternating frequency (AE) and low frequency (LE) stimulation, but with no change in the sham control group (SE). However, only following AE was there a sustained poststimulation effect. Spatial filtration-based independent components (ICs) in the AE group revealed significantly decreased amplitudes of the motor inhibition ICs both during and poststimulation. There was a significant habituation effect from task repetition in the sham group with decreased amplitudes of ICs as follows: the visual comparison component difference between go (correct response) and nogo cues (correct withheld response), the P400 action monitoring and the working memory component in the nogo condition, and the passive auditory component on control trials.
The results showed associations between acustimulation and improved perceptual sensitivity with sustained improvements following AE, but not LE stimulation. Improvements in commission errors in the AE group were related to the motor inhibition IC. The activational effects of acustimulation apparently attenuated the across-task habituation that characterized the control group.
中医针灸疗法已有 3000 多年的历史。根据神经影像学研究，电针刺激基于脑功能频率调制理论，通过控制刺激的频率参数已被证明是有效的。
通过比较刺激前、刺激中和刺激后 5 分钟时的情况，来研究以下内容：（1）声刺激改善注意力感知敏感性的持续效果；（2）通过独立成分分析（ICA）测量运动抑制事件相关电位（ERP）成分，比较错误率和运动抑制 ERPs 之间的关系；（3）假刺激对照组是否会表现出习惯化，实验组的声刺激是否会减轻习惯化。
27 名受试者被分为三组（n = 9）。信号检测理论衍生的 d-prime（d'）被用作视觉连续作业注意力测试中感知敏感性的指标。在交替频率（AE）和低频（LE）刺激下，d'均增加，但假刺激对照组（SE）没有变化。然而，只有在 AE 刺激后才会出现持续的刺激后效应。AE 组基于空间滤波的独立成分（ICs）显示，在刺激期间和刺激后，运动抑制 ICs 的振幅显著降低。在假刺激组中，随着任务重复出现明显的习惯化效应，ICs 的振幅下降如下：GO（正确反应）和 Nogo 线索（正确抑制反应）之间的视觉比较成分差异，Nogo 条件下的 P400 动作监测和工作记忆成分，以及对照试验中的被动听觉成分。
结果表明，声刺激与感知敏感性的改善有关，且在 AE 刺激后会出现持续改善。AE 组的错误率改善与运动抑制 IC 有关。声刺激的激活作用明显减轻了对照组的跨任务习惯化。
