Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Patient Educ Couns. 2010 Dec;81(3):429-35. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2010.09.012. Epub 2010 Oct 14.
To review empirical studies on families created by new reproductive technologies (NRT) in which only one parent has a genetic link to the child.
Literature search was conducted among computerized databases. Inclusion criteria were that studies should focus on childrearing or parenting, as well as on the psychological adjustment of children in: heterosexual families formed through artificial insemination with donated semen (AID), single-mother AID families, oocyte-donation families, planned lesbian-mother families, planned gay-father families, and partial surrogacy families.
Compared to natural-conception parents, parents in these NRT families have better relationships with their children, and their children are functioning well.
Although several studies show that parents in NRT families are more emotionally involved in their parenting than are parents in naturally conceived families, no empirical evidence was found that the psychological adjustment of children in NRT families differs from that of their counterparts in natural-conception families. PRACTICAL IMPLICATION: The results inform counselors and infertile couples that concerns regarding the use of NRT in relation to negative consequences for the parent-child relationship or the psychological adjustment of the child are till now unfounded.
综述新生殖技术（NRT）所创造的仅有一方与孩子有基因联系的家庭的实证研究。
计算机数据库中进行文献检索。纳入标准为：研究应集中于育儿或养育子女，以及关注通过捐赠精液的人工授精（AID）、单亲 AID 家庭、卵母细胞捐赠家庭、计划中的女同性恋父母家庭、计划中的男同性恋父母家庭和部分代孕家庭中的孩子的心理适应。
与自然受孕父母相比，这些 NRT 家庭的父母与孩子的关系更好，孩子的功能也更好。
尽管有几项研究表明，NRT 家庭的父母比自然受孕家庭的父母在育儿方面更有情感投入，但没有实证证据表明 NRT 家庭的孩子的心理适应与自然受孕家庭的孩子不同。
这些结果告知咨询师和不孕夫妇，目前尚无证据表明 NRT 的使用与亲子关系或孩子的心理适应的负面后果有关。
