Golombok S, Cook R, Bish A, Murray C
Child and Family Psychology Unit, City University, London, UK.
Child Dev. 1995 Apr;66(2):285-98. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00871.x.
The creation of families by means of the new reproductive technologies has raised important questions about the psychological consequences for children, particularly where gamete donation has been used in the child's conception. Findings are presented of a study of family relationships and the social and emotional development of children in families created as a result of the 2 most widely used reproductive technologies, in vitro fertilization (IVF) and donor insemination (DI), in comparison with control groups of families with a naturally conceived child and adoptive families. The quality of parenting was assessed using a standardized interview with the mother, and mothers and fathers completed questionnaire measures of stress associated with parenting, marital satisfaction, and emotional state. Data on children's psychiatric state were also obtained by standardized interview with the mother, and by questionnaires completed by the mothers and the children's teachers. The children were administered the Separation Anxiety Test, the Family Relations Test, and the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance. The results showed that the quality of parenting in families with a child conceived by assisted conception is superior to that shown by families with a naturally conceived child. No group differences were found for any of the measures of children's emotions, behavior, or relationships with parents. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the role of genetic ties in family functioning and child development.
借助新的生殖技术组建家庭引发了有关儿童心理影响的重要问题，尤其是在孩子的受孕过程中使用了配子捐赠的情况下。本文呈现了一项研究的结果，该研究针对通过两种应用最为广泛的生殖技术（体外受精（IVF）和供体人工授精（DI））组建的家庭中的家庭关系以及儿童的社会和情感发展展开，同时与自然受孕孩子的家庭对照组和领养家庭进行了比较。通过与母亲进行标准化访谈来评估养育质量，母亲和父亲完成了与养育相关的压力、婚姻满意度及情绪状态的问卷调查。关于儿童精神状态的数据，同样通过与母亲的标准化访谈以及母亲和孩子老师填写的问卷来获取。对孩子们进行了分离焦虑测试、家庭关系测试以及感知能力和社会接纳度图片量表测试。结果显示，通过辅助受孕生育孩子的家庭的养育质量优于自然受孕孩子的家庭。在儿童情绪、行为或与父母关系的任何测量指标上均未发现组间差异。本文从这些研究结果对理解基因关系在家庭功能和儿童发展中的作用的影响方面进行了讨论。
