Sauvagnat François, Wiss Matthias, Clément Sandra
Department of Psychology, University of Rennes 2, Rennes, France.
J Physiol Paris. 2010 Dec;104(6):288-95. doi: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2010.10.001. Epub 2010 Oct 15.
The aim of this article is to present and discuss the connections between psychoanalysis and neuroscience from a historical viewpoint. We start by examining how Sigmund Freud can be viewed as a pioneer in the interaction between these two fields. Freud was himself a neurologist and had maintained an interest in biology as he developed the key concepts of psychoanalysis. His ideas regarding psychosomatics are described. We will also explore how the concept of drive is essential to the connection between psychoanalysis and neuroscience. Then, we describe several key actors and historical events and characters at the interface of these two fields, namely Sándor Radó Lawrence S. Kubie and Mc Culloch, the debates that took place during the Macy conferences, as well as the positions of Jacques Lacan, George L. Engel, and Eric Kandel. Finally, we present a synthesis of the main fields in which the connections between psychoanalysis and neuroscience are already fruitful, and those where they should be developed: the classification of mental diseases, the link between the scientific and psychic dimensions, therapeutics, the organization of the body, intersubjectivity, the subjective division and ambivalence, as well as transferential effects like such as the placebo and nocebo effects. In the conclusion, we advocate several strategic alliances and underscore the complementarity between rigorous scientific experimentation and the individualized psychoanalytic approach.
本文旨在从历史的角度呈现并探讨精神分析与神经科学之间的联系。我们首先考察西格蒙德·弗洛伊德如何被视为这两个领域相互作用的先驱。弗洛伊德本人是一名神经学家，在发展精神分析的关键概念时，他一直对生物学保持着兴趣。文中描述了他关于身心医学的观点。我们还将探讨驱力概念对于精神分析与神经科学之间联系的重要性。然后，我们描述了这两个领域交叉点上的几个关键人物、历史事件和角色，即桑多尔·拉多、劳伦斯·S·库比和麦卡洛克，梅西会议期间发生的辩论，以及雅克·拉康、乔治·L·恩格尔和埃里克·坎德尔的立场。最后，我们对精神分析与神经科学之间已经卓有成效的主要领域以及有待发展的领域进行了综合阐述：精神疾病的分类、科学维度与心理维度之间的联系、治疗学、身体的组织、主体间性、主观分裂与矛盾情感，以及诸如安慰剂和反安慰剂效应等移情效应。在结论部分，我们倡导建立几个战略联盟，并强调严谨的科学实验与个体化精神分析方法之间的互补性。
