Animal & Poultry Science Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2010 Dec;25(12):713-21. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2010.08.011. Epub 2010 Oct 16.
Approximately 26 billion animals, spanning over 10 000 species, are kept on farms and in zoos, conservation breeding centers, research laboratories and households. Captive animals are often healthier, longer-lived and more fecund than free-living conspecifics, but for some species the opposite is true. Captivity is a very long way from the ideal 'common garden' often assumed by evolutionary and ecological researchers using data for captive animals. The use of comparative methods to investigate the fundamental biological causes of these species differences would help to improve husbandry and enclosure design, and might even reveal relationships between susceptibilities to poor captive welfare and susceptibilities to anthropogenic threat in the wild. Studies of these species differences could also inspire and facilitate 'evo-mecho' research into the functions of behavioral control mechanisms.
大约有 260 亿只动物，分布在 10000 多个物种中，被饲养在农场、动物园、保护繁殖中心、研究实验室和家庭中。圈养动物通常比自由生活的同种动物更健康、寿命更长、繁殖力更强，但对某些物种来说则恰恰相反。圈养与进化和生态研究人员常用的数据所假设的“共同花园”相去甚远。利用比较方法研究这些物种差异的基本生物学原因，将有助于改善饲养和围栏设计，甚至可能揭示在圈养条件下易受不良福利影响与在野外易受人为威胁之间的关系。对这些物种差异的研究也可以启发和促进行为控制机制功能的“进化-生态回声”研究。
