RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138, USA.
Popul Stud (Camb). 2010 Nov;64(3):209-27. doi: 10.1080/00324728.2010.512392.
According to the 'reproductive polarization' hypothesis, family-policy regimes unfavourable to the combination of employment with motherhood generate greater socio-economic differentials in fertility than other regimes. This hypothesis has been tested mainly for 'liberal' Anglo-American regimes. To investigate the effects elsewhere, we compared education differentials in age at first birth among native-born women of 1950s and 1960s birth cohorts in seven countries representing three regime types. Women with low educational attainment have continued to have first births early, not only in Britain and the USA but also in Greece, Italy, and Spain. Women at all other levels of education have experienced a shift towards later first births, a shift that has been largest in Southern Europe. Unlike the educationally heterogeneous changes in age pattern at first birth seen under the Southern European and Anglo-American family-policy regimes, the changes across birth cohorts in the study's two 'universalistic' countries, Norway and France, have been educationally homogeneous.
根据“生殖两极化”假说，不利于将就业与做母亲结合起来的家庭政策体制比其他体制更容易导致生育方面的社会经济差异。这一假说主要是针对“自由放任”的英美体制进行检验的。为了考察其他地方的效应，我们对 7 个国家的 1950 年代和 1960 年代出生队列的本土出生妇女在首次生育年龄方面的教育差异进行了比较，这些国家代表了三种体制类型。受教育程度低的妇女不仅在英国和美国，而且在希腊、意大利和西班牙，仍继续较早生育头胎。所有其他受教育程度的妇女的首次生育年龄都出现了推迟的趋势，在南欧这种趋势最为明显。与南欧和英美家庭政策体制下首次生育年龄模式的教育异质性变化不同，在本研究的两个“普遍主义”国家挪威和法国，各出生队列之间的变化是教育同质性的。
