The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Oct;1208:15-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05694.x.
Terrorists are not crazed fanatics. Indeed, terrorist groups screen out emotionally unstable individuals--they would be a security risk. Rather it is group, organizational, and social psychology, with particular emphasis on collective identity that motivates terrorist behavior. There is a diverse spectrum of terrorist psychologies and motivations. In terms of generational provenance, nationalist-separatist terrorists are carrying on the mission of their parents-they are loyal to families who have been damaged by the regime. In contrast, social-revolutionary terrorists are disloyal to families who are loyal to the regime. Religious fundamentalist terrorists are "killing in the name of God." Suicide, proscribed by the Koran, has been reframed as martyrdom, which is highly valued. The new media, especially the Internet, have played an increasingly prominent role in radicalizing individuals, creating a virtual community of hatred. Understanding terrorist psychology is crucial to formulating effective counter-terrorist strategy. Key elements include inhibiting potential terrorists from joining the group, creating tension within the group, facilitating exit from the group, reducing support for the group, and delegitimating its leader.
恐怖分子并非疯狂的狂热分子。事实上，恐怖组织会筛选出情绪不稳定的个体——他们会对安全构成威胁。相反，是团体、组织和社会心理学，特别是集体认同，激发了恐怖主义行为。恐怖主义者的心理和动机存在多种多样。就世代渊源而言，民族分离主义的恐怖分子在延续他们父母的使命——他们忠于那些被政权伤害的家庭。相比之下，社会革命恐怖分子则对忠于政权的家庭不忠诚。宗教原教旨主义恐怖分子是以“上帝的名义”杀人。自杀在《古兰经》中是被禁止的，但现在被重新定义为殉道，这是非常受重视的。新媒体，尤其是互联网，在煽动个人方面发挥了越来越突出的作用，营造了一个仇恨的虚拟社区。了解恐怖主义心理对于制定有效的反恐策略至关重要。关键要素包括抑制潜在恐怖分子加入组织、在组织内部制造紧张局势、促使其退出组织、减少对组织的支持以及使组织领导人失去合法性。
