Department of Medical Science and Community Health, Arcadia University, Glenside, Pennsylvania 19038, USA.
Breastfeed Med. 2011 Apr;6(2):77-84. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2010.0009. Epub 2010 Oct 19.
The purpose of this study was to describe current breastfeeding policies and practices among Philadelphia, PA metropolitan hospitals and changes in their policies and practices over time.
In-person group interviews were conducted to obtain a composite picture of actual breastfeeding policies and practices. One questionnaire per hospital was completed based on responses from group consensus. Twenty-five hospitals providing maternity care were contacted. Information was obtained from personnel representing different areas of maternity services. Hospitals were classified according to the degree to which they were implementing the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding.
Mean breastfeeding rates at suburban hospitals were significantly higher than urban hospitals (72% vs. 49%, p = 0.015). Most hospitals were classified as high or moderately high implementers on six of the Ten Steps, including staff training (67%), printed information distributed to breastfeeding mothers (94%), breastfeeding initiation (61%), oral breastfeeding instruction given to mothers (83%), infant feeding schedules (89%), and hospital postpartum support (83%). Most hospitals reported partial or low implementation on two maternity practices: infant formula supplementation (61%) and rooming-in (72%).
In the past 15 years, hospitals in the Philadelphia area have an increased awareness about breastfeeding and enhanced support of breastfeeding by healthcare professionals. In spite of an increase in overall breastfeeding rates, formula supplementation in hospitals and contact time between mothers and their newborns continue to be areas of concern.
本研究旨在描述宾夕法尼亚州费城市区医院目前的母乳喂养政策和实践情况，并描述其政策和实践随时间的变化。
通过小组面谈获取母乳喂养政策和实践的综合情况。根据小组共识，每家医院填写一份问卷。共联系了 25 家提供产科服务的医院。从代表不同产科服务领域的人员那里获取信息。根据实施成功母乳喂养的十个步骤的程度对医院进行分类。
郊区医院的母乳喂养率明显高于市区医院（72% vs. 49%，p=0.015）。在十个步骤中的六个方面，大多数医院被归类为高或中高度执行者，包括员工培训（67%）、分发给母乳喂养母亲的印刷信息（94%）、母乳喂养开始（61%）、对母亲进行的母乳喂养口头指导（83%）、婴儿喂养时间表（89%）和医院产后支持（83%）。大多数医院报告在两个产科实践方面部分或低执行情况：婴儿配方奶补充（61%）和母婴同室（72%）。
在过去的 15 年中，费城地区的医院对母乳喂养的认识有所提高，医疗保健专业人员对母乳喂养的支持也有所增强。尽管整体母乳喂养率有所提高，但医院中配方奶的补充和母婴接触时间仍然是令人关注的问题。
