Wright A, Rice S, Wells S
Department of Pediatrics, Steele Memorial Children's Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
Pediatrics. 1996 May;97(5):669-75.
To change the breastfeeding policy in a university teaching hospital in accord with the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding of the United Nations Children's Fund and World Health Organization and to assess the impact of hospital practices on the duration of breastfeeding.
One hundred ninety-two and 392 postpartum women in a maternity ward were interviewed in 1990 and 1993, respectively, regarding how they were feeding their infants and feeding practices in the hospital. Between these two periods, the hospital infant-feeding policy was reviewed and revised in accord with the Ten Steps. Two hundred seventy of the mothers interviewed in 1993 were interviewed again when their infants were 4 months old regarding the duration of full and partial breastfeeding.
By 1993, more newborns were put to the breast in the first hour of life (63.2% vs 24.8%); fewer breastfed infants were fed foods other than breast milk (27.9% vs 46.7%); and more mothers received breastfeeding guidance from hospital staff (81.9% vs 61.3%). The duration of breastfeeding in 1993 was longer for women who did not receive formula in the hospital, who were not given discharge packs containing formula and/or coupons, and who roomed-in more than 60% of the time. These associations persisted after controlling for confounding.
Infant-feeding policies and practices are amenable to change, and policies such as the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative may contribute to an increase in the duration of breastfeeding.
根据联合国儿童基金会和世界卫生组织的《成功母乳喂养十步骤》，改变一所大学教学医院的母乳喂养政策，并评估医院措施对母乳喂养持续时间的影响。
1990年和1993年分别对某产科病房的192名和392名产后妇女进行了访谈，询问她们如何喂养婴儿以及在医院的喂养习惯。在这两个时间段之间，根据《十步骤》对医院的婴儿喂养政策进行了审查和修订。1993年接受访谈的270名母亲在其婴儿4个月大时再次接受访谈，询问全母乳喂养和部分母乳喂养的持续时间。
到1993年，更多新生儿在出生后第一小时内开始母乳喂养（63.2%对24.8%）；接受母乳以外食物喂养的母乳喂养婴儿减少（27.9%对46.7%）；更多母亲从医院工作人员那里获得了母乳喂养指导（81.9%对61.3%）。1993年，在医院未接受配方奶、未收到包含配方奶和/或优惠券的出院包裹以及母婴同室时间超过60%的妇女，其母乳喂养持续时间更长。在控制混杂因素后，这些关联依然存在。
婴儿喂养政策和措施易于改变，诸如“爱婴医院倡议”等政策可能有助于延长母乳喂养的持续时间。
