Department of Anthropology 1350, Turlington Hall University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611 USA.
Disasters. 1991 Mar;15(1):12-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00423.x.
In this article I examine the problem of the resettlement of populations after disaster. After considering the complexity of the resettlement process in general and the reasons resettlement is often chosen by authorities following disaster, I discuss a theoretical perspective from development project resettlement which may have relevance for disaster research. This is followed by an examination of those factors in post-disaster resettlement projects which have proved important in affecting successful or unsuccessful outcomes. Site, layout, housing and popular input are presented as crucial issues in the determination of success or failure in post-disaster resettlement. Case material from Turkey, Iran and Peru is presented to illustrate how failure to attend to these issues produces unsuccessful resettlement villages. Case material from Turkey is used to illustrate how attention to these factors improves chances of success in resettlement. Material from cases of voluntary, spontaneous post-disaster resettlement in Guatemala is also presented to underscore the importance of popular participation for successful resettlement despite insufficiencies in design and material inputs. The article ends with a brief consideration of resistance to resettlement and alternative policies.
本文探讨了灾害后人口安置问题。在考虑了安置过程的复杂性以及灾害后当局选择安置的原因之后，我讨论了一个源于发展项目安置的理论视角，该视角可能与灾害研究相关。接着，本文考察了在灾后安置项目中，哪些因素对成功或失败结果具有重要影响。本文提出选址、布局、住房和民众参与是决定灾后安置成功与否的关键问题。土耳其、伊朗和秘鲁的案例材料说明了不关注这些问题会导致灾后安置村失败。土耳其的案例材料则说明了关注这些因素如何提高安置成功的机会。本文还介绍了危地马拉灾后自愿、自发安置的案例，以强调尽管设计和材料投入不足，民众参与对成功安置的重要性。文章最后简要讨论了对安置的抵制以及替代政策。
