Medical Demography Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 99 Gower Street, London, WC1, UK.
Disasters. 1992 Mar;16(1):28-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00373.x.
Civil war has disrupted life in Ethiopia since the 1960s and many people have sought refuge in Eastern Sudan, particularly during the famine emergency of 1984-85. UNHCR has provided the main financial support for the refugee programme, but began scaling down operations in 1990. Nearly 300,000 refugees still live in camps and benefit from food and health programmes. Health services are co-ordinated by the Sudanese Refugee Health Unit which operates a centralised health and nutrition surveillance system with the co-operation of the NGOs responsible for health care in the camps. A revision of the monthly reporting system and the establishment of a computer database in 1990 provided an opportunity to review the situation in the camps over the five years since the emergency. Child death rates for example, appear to have been reduced to levels below those expected in rural Africa. Patterns of mortality, morbidity, and nutritional status are outlined here and point to the general effectiveness of the health care programme. The surveillance system can, however, be used to identify those camps which have persistent problems, while monthly comparisons with the situation in previous years can provide early warning of deteriorating conditions.
自 20 世纪 60 年代以来，内战扰乱了埃塞俄比亚人民的生活，许多人在东苏丹寻求避难，尤其是在 1984-1985 年的饥荒期间。难民署为难民方案提供了主要的财政支持，但在 1990 年开始逐步减少业务。近 30 万难民仍生活在难民营中，受益于食品和保健方案。保健事务由苏丹难民保健股协调，该股与负责难民营保健的非政府组织合作，实行中央保健和营养监测系统。1990 年修订了月报制度并建立了计算机数据库，从而有机会审查自紧急情况发生以来五年间难民营的情况。例如，儿童死亡率似乎已下降到低于非洲农村预期的水平。这里概述了死亡率、发病率和营养状况模式，并指出保健方案的总体效果。但是，监测系统可用来查明那些持续存在问题的难民营，而每月与前几年情况进行比较可以及早发现情况恶化的现象。
