Addiction & Pharmacology Research Laboratory, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA.
Am J Addict. 2010 Nov-Dec;19(6):510-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2010.00082.x. Epub 2010 Sep 21.
Craving for addictive drugs may predict relapse in abstinent addicts. To assess relationships between craving and use, we examined changes in craving for methamphetamine (MA) in a sample of 865 outpatients in a multisite 16-week MA-treatment study. Craving was assessed on a 0-100 scale, and MA use was assessed by self-report and confirmed by urinalysis. We hypothesized that the magnitude of craving would decline (decay) with increased time of abstinence, and that decay would be greater for more frequent MA users, and greater for intravenous (IV) users and smokers as compared to those who used MA intranasally. Craving declined significantly as the number of weeks of consecutive abstinence increased. Rate of decay was greater for IV users and smokers as compared to both intranasal users and oral users, but not for more frequent users of MA. Rate of decay was independent of age, gender, and race/ethnicity. The trajectory to 0 (no) craving was 1 week shorter for females than males because females had significantly lower pretreatment craving scores compared to males. This study confirms that the sooner MA-dependent people are able to quit using and the longer that they are able to stay abstinent, the more likely it is that their craving for MA will decrease over time.
对成瘾药物的渴望可能预示着戒毒者的复吸。为了评估渴望和使用之间的关系，我们在一项多地点为期 16 周的 MA 治疗研究中，对 865 名门诊患者的 MA 渴望进行了研究。渴望程度通过 0-100 分的量表进行评估，MA 使用情况通过自我报告和尿液分析进行确认。我们假设，随着禁欲时间的增加，渴望程度会下降（衰减），对于更频繁使用 MA 的人、静脉注射（IV）使用者和吸烟者，衰减幅度会更大，而与经鼻使用者和口服使用者相比。随着连续禁欲周数的增加，渴望程度显著下降。与经鼻使用者和口服使用者相比，IV 使用者和吸烟者的衰减速度更快，但与更频繁使用 MA 的人相比，并无差异。衰减速度与年龄、性别和种族/民族无关。女性比男性提前一周达到无渴望（零）的状态，因为女性在治疗前的渴望评分明显低于男性。这项研究证实，MA 依赖者越早停止使用，禁欲时间越长，他们对 MA 的渴望随着时间的推移而减少的可能性就越大。
