Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022 Jun;137:104674. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104674. Epub 2022 Apr 20.
Methamphetamine (METH) use, and misuse are associated with severe socioeconomic consequences. METH users develop tolerance, lose control over drug taking behaviors, and suffer frequent relapses even during treatment. The clinical course of METH use disorder is influenced by multifactorial METH-induced effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems. Although these METH-induced consequences are observed in humans of all ages, races, and sexes, sexual dimorphism in these outcomes have been observed in both pre-clinical and clinical settings. In this review, we have provided a detailed presentation of the sex differences reported in human and animal studies. We have therefore presented data that identified the influences of sex on METH pharmacokinetics, METH-induced changes in behaviors, cognitive processes, structural changes in the brain, and the effects of the drug on neurotransmitter systems and molecular mechanisms. Finally, we highlighted the potential significance of sex as a critical variable that should be considered when planning the development of new pharmacotherapeutic approaches against MEH use disorder in humans.
甲基苯丙胺（METH）的使用和滥用与严重的社会经济后果有关。METH 使用者会产生耐受性，无法控制自己的用药行为，即使在治疗期间也会频繁复发。METH 使用障碍的临床病程受到 METH 对中枢和外周神经系统的多因素诱导作用的影响。尽管这些 METH 诱导的后果在所有年龄、种族和性别的人群中都有观察到，但在临床前和临床环境中都观察到了这些结果中的性别二态性。在这篇综述中，我们详细介绍了在人类和动物研究中报告的性别差异。因此，我们提供了数据，这些数据确定了性别对 METH 药代动力学、METH 引起的行为、认知过程、大脑结构变化以及药物对神经递质系统和分子机制的影响的影响。最后，我们强调了性别作为一个关键变量的潜在意义，在计划针对人类 METH 使用障碍开发新的药物治疗方法时，应该考虑到这一点。
