Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, DF 14000, México.
J Nutr Biochem. 2011 Feb;22(2):118-29. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.12.006. Epub 2010 May 14.
Obesity is associated with an increase in adipose tissue mass due to an imbalance between high dietary energy intake and low physical activity; however, the type of dietary protein may contribute to its development. The aim of the present work was to study the effect of soy protein versus casein on white adipose tissue genome profiling, and the metabolic functions of adipocytes in rats with diet-induced obesity. The results showed that rats fed a Soy Protein High-Fat (Soy HF) diet gained less weight and had lower serum leptin concentration than rats fed a Casein High-Fat (Cas HF) diet, despite similar energy intake. Histological studies indicated that rats fed the Soy HF diet had significantly smaller adipocytes than those fed the Cas HF diet, and this was associated with a lower triglyceride/DNA content. Fatty acid synthesis in isolated adipocytes was reduced by the amount of fat consumed but not by the type of protein ingested. Expression of genes of fatty acid oxidation increased in adipose tissue of rats fed Soy diets; microarray analysis revealed that Soy protein consumption modified the expression of 90 genes involved in metabolic functions and inflammatory response in adipose tissue. Network analysis showed that the expression of leptin was regulated by the type of dietary protein and it was identified as a central regulator of the expression of lipid metabolism genes in adipose tissue. Thus, soy maintains the size and metabolic functions of adipose tissue through biochemical adaptations, adipokine secretion, and global changes in gene expression.
肥胖与脂肪组织质量增加有关，这是由于高饮食能量摄入和低体力活动之间的不平衡所致；然而，饮食蛋白质的类型可能有助于其发展。本研究的目的是研究大豆蛋白与酪蛋白对饮食诱导肥胖大鼠白色脂肪组织基因组图谱和脂肪细胞代谢功能的影响。结果表明，尽管能量摄入相似，但喂食大豆蛋白高脂肪（Soy HF）饮食的大鼠体重增加较少，血清瘦素浓度较低。组织学研究表明，喂食 Soy HF 饮食的大鼠的脂肪细胞明显小于喂食 Cas HF 饮食的大鼠，这与甘油三酯/DNA 含量较低有关。分离的脂肪细胞中的脂肪酸合成受消耗脂肪的量而不是摄入蛋白质的类型的影响。脂肪酸氧化基因在喂食大豆饮食的大鼠的脂肪组织中表达增加；微阵列分析显示，大豆蛋白的摄入改变了与代谢功能和脂肪组织炎症反应相关的 90 个基因的表达。网络分析表明，饮食蛋白质的类型调节瘦素的表达，它被鉴定为脂肪组织中脂质代谢基因表达的中央调节剂。因此，大豆通过生化适应、脂肪因子分泌和基因表达的整体变化来维持脂肪组织的大小和代谢功能。
