Laxatives as a risk factor for iatrogenic falls in elderly subjects: myth or reality?

BACKGROUND

The multifactorial nature of falls is well known, and several studies on falls in the elderly have reported that laxatives can be a risk factor, but without attempting to discuss possible mechanisms to explain this role.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to isolate studies in which the risk factors for falls in the elderly related to laxatives have been evaluated and to carry out a meta-analysis combining the results of all identified good-quality studies.

METHODS

Systematic literature review using the keywords 'accidental fall/numerical data' and 'risk factors'. This was followed by a manual search for articles cited in the previously identified publications. Articles were analysed if they had study populations aged ≥60 years, reported on falls occurring in everyday life, were observational or interventional studies that identified laxatives as a risk factor for falls, and were written in French or English. Articles of this type that were considered to be of good quality were included in the meta-analysis.

RESULTS

3747 indexed articles published between 1981 and 2007 were identified. Of these, seven articles met all inclusion criteria and were analysed. The odds ratio (95% CI) for the association between use of laxatives and fall occurrence in subjects participating in the good-quality trials (n = 4) included in the meta-analysis was 2.03 (1.52, 2.72). This result was statistically homogeneous (percentage of the total variation across studies due to heterogeneity [I2] = 0).

CONCLUSIONS

Elderly subjects treated with laxatives were twice as likely to fall compared with non-laxative users. The causal relationship was probably not directly attached to a side effect of the substance used, but rather a reflection of other pathologies (e.g. older age, confinement to bed, concomitant Parkinson's disease) that may themselves cause falls.