DairyNZ Limited, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
J Dairy Sci. 2010 Nov;93(11):5363-73. doi: 10.3168/jds.2010-3356.
The primary objective of this study was to identify relationships between endometritis and metabolic state during the calving transition and early lactation periods. A subset of mixed age and breed dairy cows (n=78) from a seasonal, pasture-grazed herd of 389 cows was examined. The selected cows were grouped as having endometritis at d 42 postpartum or being unaffected by endometritis. Endometritis was defined as >6% (upper quartile) of uterine nucleated cells being polymorphonuclear cells (H-PMN; n=38); unaffected by endometritis was defined as ≤1% of nucleated cells being polymorphonuclear (L-PMN; n=40). Milk yield was determined at each milking, and milk composition (fat and protein) was determined at 2-wk intervals. Blood samples collected on d -14, 0 (d of calving), 4, 7, 14, 28, and 42 were analyzed for indicators of energy status (nonesterified fatty acids, glucose, and urea), liver function (albumin, globulin, glutamate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase), inflammation (haptoglobin), and mineral status (Ca and Mg). Samples collected weekly from d 21 to 63 or 70 were analyzed for progesterone content. The postpartum anovulatory interval was defined to end on the first day postpartum that plasma progesterone concentration was ≥1 ng/mL. A greater percentage of H-PMN cows failed to ovulate before d 63 or 70 (34%) compared with L-PMN cows (10%), although the proportions of cows ovulating within either polymorphonuclear group was similar through d 56 postpartum. Plasma concentrations of albumin and the albumin:globulin ratio were consistently lower in H-PMN cows. Plasma Mg was lower, whereas glutamate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase were higher, in H-PMN cows during early lactation compared with L-PMN cows. Circulating metabolites indicative of energy status (nonesterified fatty acids, glucose, and urea) were not different between polymorphonuclear groups. Among 3- to 5-yr-old cows, daily milk yield for the first 42 d after calving was lower for H-PMN cows than for L-PMN cows. Among cows >5 yr old, protein percentage was lower in H-PMN cows compared with L-PMN cows. In summary, endometritis at 42 d postpartum in the herd studied was associated with an increased likelihood of remaining anovulatory. These cows had lower albumin concentrations throughout the calving transition period, perhaps indicating impaired liver function, with lower plasma Mg and evidence of hepatocellular damage in early lactation. Similar profiles of nonesterified fatty acids and glucose indicated that energy status was not a risk factor for endometritis.
本研究的主要目的是确定围产后期和泌乳早期子宫内膜炎与代谢状态之间的关系。从一个 389 头季节性放牧奶牛群中选择了一组不同年龄和品种的奶牛（n=78）进行检查。选择的奶牛被分为产后第 42 天患有子宫内膜炎（n=38）或不受子宫内膜炎影响的奶牛。子宫内膜炎定义为子宫有核细胞中＞6%（上四分位数）为多形核细胞（H-PMN；n=38）；不受子宫内膜炎影响定义为≤1%的有核细胞为多形核（L-PMN；n=40）。在每次挤奶时确定产奶量，每 2 周确定乳成分（脂肪和蛋白质）。在-14、0（产犊日）、4、7、14、28 和 42 天采集血液样本，分析能量状态（非酯化脂肪酸、葡萄糖和尿素）、肝功能（白蛋白、球蛋白、谷氨酸脱氢酶和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶）、炎症（触珠蛋白）和矿物质状态（钙和镁）。在产后 21 至 63 或 70 天每周采集的样本分析孕酮含量。产后无排卵间隔定义为产后第一天血浆孕酮浓度≥1ng/ml。与 L-PMN 奶牛（10%）相比，更多的 H-PMN 奶牛在第 63 或 70 天之前未排卵（34%），尽管在多形核组内，奶牛在第 56 天之前排卵的比例相似。H-PMN 奶牛的白蛋白和白蛋白/球蛋白比值始终较低。与 L-PMN 奶牛相比，H-PMN 奶牛在泌乳早期的血浆镁较低，而谷氨酸脱氢酶和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶较高。循环代谢物表明能量状态（非酯化脂肪酸、葡萄糖和尿素）在多形核组之间没有差异。在 3 至 5 岁的奶牛中，产后 42 天内，H-PMN 奶牛的日产奶量低于 L-PMN 奶牛。在＞5 岁的奶牛中，H-PMN 奶牛的蛋白质百分比低于 L-PMN 奶牛。总之，研究中牛群产后第 42 天的子宫内膜炎与持续不排卵的可能性增加有关。这些奶牛在整个产犊过渡期间白蛋白浓度较低，可能表明肝功能受损，在泌乳早期血浆镁降低且存在肝细胞损伤的证据。非酯化脂肪酸和葡萄糖的相似特征表明，能量状态不是子宫内膜炎的危险因素。
