Theirogynology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Mersa Matrouh, Egypt.
Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2023 Mar 17;55(2):118. doi: 10.1007/s11250-023-03536-0.
The incidence of clinical endometritis in dairy cows postpartum is one of the important reasons for financial losses in the dairy industry. The costs of treatment, milk losses, infertility, repeated breeding, and high annual culling rate of dairy cows present immediate losses in case of treatment failure. The commonly used therapeutic methods for clinical endometritis have not been successful nor have given definitive solutions to overcome the complications of the disease in dairy cows. Therefore, it was necessary to propose an innovative treatment program to overcome the reasons for the failure and lack of effectiveness of the treatment of clinical endometritis. This was tackled in the current study; oxytetracycline with different concentrations, oxytetracycline 5% (OTCC5%), oxytetracycline 20% (OTCC20%), and oxytetracycline 20% nanoparticles (OTC-NPs) were used for the treatment of clinical endometritis. Diagnosis of clinical endometritis was based on the assessment of high serum concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines, acute phase protein, increased endometrium thickness, and intrauterine discharges with different degrees of echogenicity monitored by ultrasonography. Application of OTC-NPs revealed a decrease in serum concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α) and acute phase proteins compared to OTCC20% and OTCC5% groups. The improvement achieved by OTC-NPs may be attributed to the reduction of OTC particles into nano size which facilitates its tissue bioavailability, dispersion, penetration power to deeper tissues, and its more broad-spectrum activities. These activities were clearly apparent after the evacuation of uterine contents using a single dose of PGF2α. The OTC-NPs revealed a reduction in serum concentration of cytokines compared to OTCC20% and OTCC5% groups arranged as follows: 10.11, 25.45, 35.56 for IL-1; 99, 300, 319 for IL-6; 1.01, 4.40, 8.06 for CRP; and 46, 183, 266 for TNF-α. Furthermore, an increase in serum concentration of albumin (3.34) was obtained by OTC-NPs compared to OTCC5% (1.70). This improvement can be taken as evidence of liver resumption functions and inflammatory reactions. On the other side, globulin concentration recorded an increase like albumin and total proteins in OTC-NPs compared to others. A reduction in the endometrium thickness in OTC-NPs with the disappearance of intrauterine discharges was monitored by ultrasonography. This confirmed the subsiding of clinical endometritis in OTC-NPs group. Moreover, a significant improvement in conception and pregnancy rate in OTC-NPs compared to other groups were observed.
奶牛产后临床子宫内膜炎的发病率是奶牛养殖业经济损失的重要原因之一。如果治疗失败，治疗、牛奶损失、不孕、反复配种和奶牛高年度淘汰率等方面的成本将带来直接损失。目前，临床上用于治疗子宫内膜炎的常用治疗方法都没有成功，也没有为奶牛疾病的并发症提供明确的解决方案。因此，有必要提出一种创新的治疗方案，以克服临床子宫内膜炎治疗失败和缺乏疗效的原因。这是当前研究中要解决的问题；使用不同浓度的土霉素、5%土霉素（OTCC5%）、20%土霉素（OTCC20%）和 20%土霉素纳米颗粒（OTC-NPs）治疗临床子宫内膜炎。临床子宫内膜炎的诊断基于对高血清浓度促炎细胞因子、急性期蛋白、子宫内膜厚度增加和不同程度回声宫内分泌物的评估，通过超声监测。与 OTCC20%和 OTCC5%组相比，应用 OTC-NPs 可降低血清促炎细胞因子（IL-1、IL-6 和 TNF-α）和急性期蛋白的浓度。与 OTCC20%和 OTCC5%组相比，OTC-NPs 可降低血清细胞因子浓度，如下所示：IL-1 为 10.11、25.45、35.56；IL-6 为 99、300、319；CRP 为 1.01、4.40、8.06；TNF-α 为 46、183、266。此外，与 OTCC5%（1.70）相比，OTC-NPs 可提高血清白蛋白浓度（3.34）。这种改善可以作为肝脏恢复功能和炎症反应的证据。另一方面，与其他组相比，OTC-NPs 中的球蛋白浓度也像白蛋白和总蛋白一样增加。通过超声监测，发现 OTC-NPs 组子宫内膜厚度降低，宫内分泌物消失。这证实了 OTC-NPs 组临床子宫内膜炎的消退。此外，与其他组相比，OTC-NPs 组的受孕和妊娠率显著提高。
