Petersdorf R G, Turner K S, Nickens H W, Ready T
Division of Minority Health, Disease Prevention/Health Promotion, AAMC, Washington, D.C. 20036.
Acad Med. 1990 Nov;65(11):663-70. doi: 10.1097/00001888-199011000-00001.
Since 1970 the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) has had two key policies about minorities in medicine: (1) special attention should be paid to minority groups underrepresented in medicine, and (2) minority groups should be represented in medicine in the same proportions as in the population as a whole. Despite strong gains in the 1970s in increasing the number of black trainees and graduates, the proportion of minorities in medicine now is declining in relation to the total population. The paper discusses this situation, changes in U.S. minority populations, factors that affected the attempt to achieve parity in medicine, the current status of minorities in medical training (including educational debt) and on medical faculties, and remedies for institutions' lack of success in achieving parity. Three successful programs are described, as are the broader social issues that underlie academic medicine's attempt to increase the proportion of minorities in medicine.
自1970年以来，美国医学院协会（AAMC）在医学领域针对少数族裔制定了两项关键政策：（1）应特别关注在医学领域代表性不足的少数族裔群体；（2）少数族裔在医学领域的占比应与在整个人口中的占比相同。尽管在20世纪70年代，黑人受训人员和毕业生的数量有了显著增加，但相对于总人口而言，医学领域中少数族裔的比例目前正在下降。本文讨论了这种情况、美国少数族裔人口的变化、影响在医学领域实现平等的因素、少数族裔在医学培训（包括教育债务）和医学院教师队伍中的现状，以及机构在实现平等方面缺乏成效的补救措施。文中描述了三个成功的项目，以及学术医学试图增加医学领域少数族裔比例背后更广泛的社会问题。
