Gotlieb S L
Departamento de Epidemiologia da Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil.
Rev Saude Publica. 1990 Dec;24(6):453-67. doi: 10.1590/s0034-89101990000600003.
The mortality patterns of Japanese migrants (issei) and their descendants (nissei/sansei) resident in the City of S. Paulo, Brazil, are compared with those of their native country (Japan) and their place of adoption (S. Paulo), in 1980. The mortality data were obtained from death certificates for the issei and nissei/sansei populations and from official tabulations for deaths in Japan and S. Paulo. The population estimates were based upon the S. Paulo and Japanese censuses. The age-standardized populations were calculated according to the Jowett method. The five leading causes of death were basically the same for these populations under study. S. Paulo residents had the highest age-standardized mortality rates, except as regards deaths due to neoplasms, higher in Japan. The issei population (both sexes) presented intermediate values for deaths due to endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases and diseases of the respiratory system; the female migrants also showed an intermediate rate for deaths due to diseases of the circulatory system. For the other causes, the lowest risk of dying was that registered for the issei population. The comparisons of the rates for cancers of stomach, breast, prostate, diabetes mellitus, ischaemic heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, homicide and suicide resulted in the detection of a possible transition experienced by the issei population, leading to the belief that the issei pattern of mortality is showing a deviation from the Japanese pattern and resembles that of S. Paulo. Since social and cultural changes are thought to be occurring among the migrants, one might argue that the role of environmental factors (including diet) is more important than the role of genetic factors in the incidence of and mortality due to these diseases.
对居住在巴西圣保罗市的日本移民（第一代）及其后代（第二代/第三代）的死亡率模式，与他们的祖国（日本）和移居地（圣保罗）在1980年的死亡率模式进行了比较。死亡率数据取自第一代和第二代/第三代人群的死亡证明，以及日本和圣保罗的官方死亡统计表。人口估计数基于圣保罗和日本的人口普查。年龄标准化人口是根据乔伊特方法计算得出的。所研究的这些人群的五大主要死因基本相同。圣保罗居民的年龄标准化死亡率最高，但因肿瘤导致的死亡除外，日本这一死亡率更高。第一代人群（男女皆有）在内分泌、营养和代谢疾病以及呼吸系统疾病导致的死亡方面呈现中间值；女性移民在循环系统疾病导致的死亡方面也显示出中间值。对于其他死因，第一代人群的死亡风险最低。对胃癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌、糖尿病、缺血性心脏病、脑血管疾病、杀人罪和自杀的死亡率进行比较后发现，第一代人群可能经历了一种转变，这使得人们认为第一代人群的死亡率模式正在偏离日本模式，而与圣保罗的模式相似。由于认为移民中正在发生社会和文化变化，有人可能会认为，在这些疾病的发病率和死亡率方面，环境因素（包括饮食）的作用比遗传因素更重要。
