Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2011 Feb;8(2):267-81. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2010.0672. Epub 2010 Oct 29.
The evaluation of the safety of probiotic strains includes the exclusion of antibiotic resistance of clinical importance. Ninety-two strains from the genus Lactobacillus isolated from probiotics, food, and clinical sources were included in the investigation. Species tested were the L. acidophilus group, L. casei group, L. reuteri/fermentum group, and L. sakei/curvatus group. Cell and colony morphology, fermentation patterns, and growth characteristics as well as soluble whole cell proteins were analyzed. Antibiotic resistance against clinically important agents was determined by broth dilution tests. The vanA and tet genes were confirmed. Resistances occurred mainly against gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, sulfonamides, and, in some cases, glycopeptides. The natural glycopeptide resistance within the L. casei group and L. reuteri appears to be not of clinical relevance, as there was no vanA gene present. Therefore, the transfer of this resistance is very unlikely. Tet-(A), -(B), -(C), -(M), or -(O) gene could not be detected. The protein fingerprinting within the L. casei group proved that L. rhamnosus strains of clinical origin clustered together with probiotic strains. For safety evaluations resistance patterns of a broad range of strains are a useful criterion together with the exclusion of known resistance genes (like the vanA gene) and can be used for decision making on the safety of probiotics, both by authorization bodies and manufacturers.
益生菌菌株的安全性评估包括排除临床重要的抗生素耐药性。从益生菌、食品和临床来源中分离出的 92 株乳杆菌属菌株被纳入研究。测试的物种包括嗜酸乳杆菌组、干酪乳杆菌组、罗伊氏乳杆菌/发酵乳杆菌组和清酒乳杆菌/弯曲乳杆菌组。分析了细胞和菌落形态、发酵模式和生长特性以及可溶性全细胞蛋白。通过肉汤稀释试验确定对抗生素的耐药性。确认了 vanA 和 tet 基因。耐药性主要发生在庆大霉素、环丙沙星、克林霉素、磺胺类药物，以及某些情况下的糖肽类药物。干酪乳杆菌组和罗伊氏乳杆菌内的天然糖肽类药物耐药性似乎没有临床相关性，因为不存在 vanA 基因。因此，这种耐药性的转移不太可能发生。未检测到 tet-(A)、-(B)、-(C)、-(M) 或 -(O) 基因。干酪乳杆菌组内的蛋白指纹图谱证明，临床来源的鼠李糖乳杆菌菌株与益生菌菌株聚集在一起。对于安全性评估，耐药模式是广泛的菌株的有用标准，同时排除已知的耐药基因（如 vanA 基因），可用于授权机构和制造商对益生菌安全性做出决策。
