Soil and Water Science Department, P.O. Box 110510, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-01519, USA.
Chemosphere. 2011 Jan;82(3):460-7. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.09.054. Epub 2010 Oct 28.
Triclocarban (TCC) toxicity and bioaccumulation data are primarily limited to direct human and animal dermal exposures, animal ingestion exposures to neat and feed-spiked TCC, and/or aquatic organism exposures. Three non-human, terrestrial organism groups anticipated to be the most highly exposed to land-applied, biosolids-borne TCC are soil microbes, earthworms, and plants. The three ecological receptors are expected to be at particular risk due to unique modes of exposure (e.g. constant, direct contact with soil; uptake of amended soil and pore water), inherently greater sensitivity to environmental contaminants (e.g. increased body burdens, permeable membranes), and susceptibility to minute changes in the soil environment. The toxicities of biosolids-borne TCC to Eisenia fetida earthworms and soil microbial communities were characterized using adaptations of the USEPA Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances (OPPTS) Guidelines 850.6200 (Earthworm Subchronic Toxicity Test) and 850.5100 (Soil Microbial Community Toxicity Test), respectively. The resultant calculated TCC LC50 value for E. fetida was 40 mg TCC kg amended fine sand(-1). Biosolids-borne TCC in an amended fine sand had no significant effect on soil microbial community respiration, ammonification, or nitrification. Bioaccumulation of biosolids-borne TCC by E. fetida and Paspulum notatum was measured to characterize potential biosolids-borne TCC movement through the food chain. Dry-weight TCC bioaccumulation factor (BAF) values in E. fetida and P. notatum ranged from 5.2-18 and 0.00041-0.007 (gsoil gtissue(-1)), respectively.
三氯卡班（TCC）毒性和生物累积数据主要限于直接的人类和动物皮肤暴露、动物摄入的纯 TCC 和饲料添加 TCC，以及/或水生生物暴露。预计最容易受到土地施用、生物固体携带 TCC 影响的三种非人类陆地生物群是土壤微生物、蚯蚓和植物。这三种生态受体由于独特的暴露模式（例如，与土壤的持续、直接接触；对改良土壤和孔隙水的吸收）、对环境污染物的固有更高敏感性（例如，体内负荷增加、可渗透的膜）以及对土壤环境微小变化的易感性，预计面临特别的风险。使用美国环保署（USEPA）预防、农药和有毒物质办公室（OPPTS）指南 850.6200（蚯蚓亚慢性毒性试验）和 850.5100（土壤微生物群落毒性试验）的改编版，分别对生物固体携带 TCC 对赤子爱胜蚓（Eisenia fetida）蚯蚓和土壤微生物群落的毒性进行了表征。由此计算得出的 E. fetida 的 TCC LC50 值为 40 mg TCC kg 改良细砂（-1）。改良细砂中的生物固体携带 TCC 对土壤微生物群落呼吸、氨化或硝化没有显著影响。通过测量赤子爱胜蚓（Eisenia fetida）和 Paspulum notatum 对生物固体携带 TCC 的生物累积，来描述 TCC 可能通过食物链的迁移。E. fetida 和 P. notatum 中的 TCC 干重生物累积因子（BAF）值分别为 5.2-18 和 0.00041-0.007（gsoil gtissue(-1)）。
