拉曼分子成像：一种用于尿液标本膀胱癌诊断的新型光谱技术。

Raman molecular imaging: a novel spectroscopic technique for diagnosis of bladder cancer in urine specimens.

机构信息

Department of Urology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.

出版信息

Eur Urol. 2011 Jan;59(1):106-12. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2010.10.027. Epub 2010 Oct 28.

DOI:10.1016/j.eururo.2010.10.027

PMID:21035247

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Raman molecular imaging (RMI) is an optical technology that combines the molecular chemical analysis of Raman spectroscopy with high-definition digital microscopic visualization. This approach permits visualization of the physical architecture and molecular environment of cells in the urine. The Raman spectrum of a cell is a complex product of its chemical bonds.

OBJECTIVE

In this work, we studied the possibility of using the Raman spectrum of epithelial cells in voided urine for diagnosing urothelial carcinoma (UC).

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Raman signals were obtained from UC tissue, then from UC touch preps obtained from surgical specimens and studied using the FALCON microscope (ChemImage, Pittsburgh, PA, USA), with a×100 collection objective and green laser illumination (532 nm). Then, urine samples were obtained from 340 patients, including 116 patients without UC, 92 patients with low-grade tumors, and 132 patients with high-grade tumors. Spectra were obtained from an average of five cells per slide.

MEASUREMENTS

Raman spectroscopy of cells from bladder cancer (BCa) tissues and patients.

RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS

The Raman spectra from UC tissue demonstrate a distinct peak at a 1584 cm(-1) wave shift not present in benign tissues. The height of this peak correlated with the tumor's grade. The signal obtained from epithelial cells correctly diagnosed BCa with sensitivity of 92% (100% of the high-grade tumors), specificity of 91%, and a positive predictive value of 94% and a negative predictive value of 88%. The signal correctly assigned a tumor's grade in 73.9% of the low-grade tumors and 98.5% of the high-grade tumors. RMI for diagnosis of BCa is limited by the need for specialized equipment and training of laboratory personnel.

CONCLUSIONS

RMI has the potential to become a powerful diagnostic tool that allows noninvasive, accurate diagnosis of UC.

摘要

背景

拉曼分子成像（RMI）是一种光学技术，它将拉曼光谱的分子化学分析与高清晰度数字显微镜可视化相结合。这种方法允许观察尿液中细胞的物理结构和分子环境。细胞的拉曼光谱是其化学键的复杂产物。

目的

在这项工作中，我们研究了使用尿液中上皮细胞的拉曼光谱诊断尿路上皮癌（UC）的可能性。

设计、设置和参与者：从 UC 组织中获得拉曼信号，然后从手术标本中获得 UC 触诊准备，使用 FALCON 显微镜（美国匹兹堡 ChemImage）进行研究，采用×100 收集物镜和绿光激光照明（532nm）。然后，从 340 名患者中获得尿液样本，包括 116 名无 UC 患者、92 名低级别肿瘤患者和 132 名高级别肿瘤患者。从每个载玻片上平均获得五个细胞的光谱。

测量

膀胱癌（BCa）组织和患者细胞的拉曼光谱。

结果和局限性

UC 组织的拉曼光谱显示出在良性组织中不存在的 1584cm(-1)波移的明显峰。该峰的高度与肿瘤的分级相关。从上皮细胞获得的信号可以正确诊断 BCa，其灵敏度为 92%（100%的高级别肿瘤），特异性为 91%，阳性预测值为 94%，阴性预测值为 88%。该信号正确分配了 73.9%的低级别肿瘤和 98.5%的高级别肿瘤的肿瘤分级。RMI 用于诊断 BCa 的局限性在于需要专用设备和实验室人员的培训。