University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
Cogn Neuropsychol. 2005 Feb;22(1):42-77. doi: 10.1080/02643290342000582.
Recent research with both normal and brain-damaged people shows that linguistic representations are important sources of information in short-term memory tasks. This paper addresses the role of semantic and phonological information in the performance of two individuals with severely impaired short-term memory span (HB and MMG). The performance of these individuals is investigated on span tasks manipulating, for example, lexicality, imageability, word length, and phonological similar as well as on their ability to perform other tasks involving the judgment and/or manipulation of phonology (e.g., rhyme judgments, phonological lexical decision, segmentation tasks, and minimal pairs). The subjects' performance across these tasks provides strong evidence for separate but linked language and short-term memory systems, with lexical and semantic representations contributing to immediate serial recall. There is also evidence for separate phonological and semantic short-term stores (buffers), each of which are supported by the corresponding representations in the language system. Furthermore, the results support separate phonological stores at input and output. Finally a cautionary note is cast regarding the significant role of orthography in many tasks previously assumed to reflect manipulation of phonology.
最近对正常人和脑损伤患者的研究表明，语言表示是短期记忆任务中重要的信息来源。本文探讨了语义和语音信息在两个短期记忆广度严重受损的个体（HB 和 MMG）的表现中的作用。通过对词汇性、形象性、单词长度和语音相似性等进行操作的跨度任务，以及对涉及语音判断和/或操作的其他任务（例如押韵判断、语音词汇决策、分割任务和最小对），研究了这些个体的表现。这些任务的主体表现为语言和短期记忆系统提供了独立但相关的有力证据，其中词汇和语义表示有助于即时的连续回忆。也有证据表明存在独立的语音和语义短期存储（缓冲区），它们都得到了语言系统中相应表示的支持。此外，结果支持输入和输出的独立语音存储。最后，对于以前被认为反映语音操作的许多任务中，正字法的重要作用提出了警告。
