Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
Contact Dermatitis. 2011 Jan;64(1):43-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2010.01818.x. Epub 2010 Oct 7.
The irritant properties of some preservatives and the use of water as the patch test vehicle for some of them call for a critical evaluation of patch test reactions to preservatives.
To examine the association between test vehicle (petrolatum versus water) or the patients' age and history of atopic dermatitis, respectively, and certain patterns of reaction to preservatives.
PATIENTS/METHODS: Data of 34,631 patients tested in 34 centres with 11 common preservatives were retrospectively analysed. The dynamic reaction patterns, reaction indices (RIs) and positivity ratios (PRs) were statistically evaluated.
All preservatives yielded more crescendo reactions in older than in younger patients. For 10 of 11 preservatives, the percentage of crescendo reactions was slightly higher in patients without a history of atopic dermatitis, and for 10 of 11 agents the RI was higher in patients with a positive history of atopic dermatitis. No consistent vehicle-related effects on reaction characteristics were found. Chlorhexidine digluconate 0.5% in water and sodium benzoate 5% in petrolatum had the lowest RIs, highest PRs, and lowest proportions of crescendo reactions.
Water as a vehicle is unlikely to affect the reaction patterns of preservatives. The generally used patch test preparations of chlorhexidine digluconate and sodium benzoate need improvement.
某些防腐剂具有刺激性，而且部分防腐剂的斑贴试验需用水作为赋形剂，因此有必要对防腐剂斑贴试验反应进行批判性评估。
分别考察赋形剂（凡士林对比水）和患者年龄、特应性皮炎史与某些防腐剂反应模式之间的相关性。
患者/方法：回顾性分析了 34 个中心的 34631 例患者使用 11 种常见防腐剂的检测数据。对动态反应模式、反应指数（RI）和阳性率（PR）进行了统计学评估。
与年轻患者相比，所有防腐剂在老年患者中更易引发渐强反应。11 种防腐剂中有 10 种在无特应性皮炎史患者中的渐强反应比例略高，11 种药物中有 10 种在特应性皮炎阳性史患者中的 RI 更高。未发现赋形剂相关的反应特征变化。0.5%葡萄糖酸氯己定水剂和 5%苯甲酸纳油剂的 RI 最低、PR 最高、渐强反应比例最低。
水作为赋形剂不太可能影响防腐剂的反应模式。目前常用的葡萄糖酸氯己定和苯甲酸纳的斑贴试验制剂需要改进。
