Niebuhr M, Kapp A, Werfel T, Heratizadeh A
Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Venerologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover.
Hautarzt. 2011 Oct;62(10):744-50. doi: 10.1007/s00105-011-2182-1.
Retrospective studies demonstrate that the prevalence of skin sensitization does not significantly differ between atopic and non-atopic patients. In children and adolescents the risk for sensitization seems to occur independently from AD. According to the results of a recent study, AD patients are overrepresented in the group of polysensitized patients. IgE-mediated sensitization as well as an early onset of AD and duration of the disease have been identified as possible risk factors for skin sensitization to contact allergens. A defective permeability barrier with increased epidermal water loss is a hallmark of AD and contributes to sensitization against common allergens. A highly significant association between FLG mutations and the risk of early onset, severe, persistent AD and an increased risk for asthma has been shown in several studies. A more recent study revealed an association between FLG mutations and increased nickel sensitization, but not other contact allergens. However, further large prospective studies with well-characterized patients are necessary to clarify the correlation between impaired skin barrier, atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis.
回顾性研究表明，特应性患者和非特应性患者之间皮肤致敏的患病率没有显著差异。在儿童和青少年中，致敏风险似乎独立于特应性皮炎发生。根据最近一项研究的结果，在多致敏患者群体中，特应性皮炎患者的比例过高。IgE介导的致敏以及特应性皮炎的早发和病程已被确定为皮肤对接触性过敏原致敏的可能危险因素。表皮水分流失增加导致的通透性屏障缺陷是特应性皮炎的一个标志，并且会导致对常见过敏原的致敏。多项研究表明，丝聚蛋白（FLG）突变与特应性皮炎早发、严重、持续的风险以及哮喘风险增加之间存在高度显著的关联。最近的一项研究揭示了FLG突变与镍致敏增加之间的关联，但与其他接触性过敏原无关。然而，需要对特征明确的患者进行进一步的大型前瞻性研究，以阐明皮肤屏障受损、特应性皮炎和过敏性接触性皮炎之间的相关性。
